Diversity of Organisms 5 to 30 million species estimated Axolotl
Organisms alive today descended from earlier species Fossils –Remains of previous forms –Record of life’s history Life on Earth –Single cell organisms for 3.5 billion years –Abundant multicellular life for 500 million years
Evolution Change is species over time Organisms alive today descended from older organisms Evidence is overwhelming
Organization of the Living World System to deal with millions of species An organism belongs to a unique species Bird’s nest fungi
Organization of the Living World Species designated by a scientific name –Binomial nomenclature – two part name –Developed by Carolus Linnaeus –Example: Homo sapiens Homo = genus name sapiens = species name
Classification System to organize life Classification System –Genus = closely related species –Family = closely related genera
Classification System Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Largest Level Smallest Level
Methods of Classification Common ancestry is basis for classification Taxonomy = science of classifying organisms Systematics –Study of diversity of organisms –Based on evolutionary relationships
Domains of Life Archaea Bacteria Eukarya
Cell Types of Organisms Prokaryote –No membrane bound organelles –Genetic material found in a nucleoid Eukaryote –Membrane bound organelles –Genetic material in a nucleus
Archaea Originally thought to be bacteria Live in extreme habitats Do not cause disease Prokaryotic Unicellular
Bacteria Found nearly everywhere Some cause disease Prokaryotic Unicellular
Eukarya Unicellular or Multicellular Eukaryotic cells Divided into at least four kingdoms –Protista –Fungi –Plantae –Animalia
Kingdom Protista Mostly single cell organisms May actually be up to 20 kingdoms Gave rise to other eukaryotes
Kingdom Fungi Most are multicellular Absorptive heterotrophs Most are saprophites
Diversity of Organisms 5 to 30 million species estimated Axolotl
Organisms alive today descended from earlier species Fossils –Remains of previous forms –Record of life’s history Life on Earth –Single cell organisms for 3.5 billion years –Abundant multicellular life for 500 million years
Evolution Change is species over time Organisms alive today descended from older organisms Evidence is overwhelming
Organization of the Living World System to deal with millions of species An organism belongs to a unique species Bird’s nest fungi
Organization of the Living World Species designated by a scientific name –Binomial nomenclature – two part name –Developed by Carolus Linnaeus –Example: Homo sapiens Homo = genus name sapiens = species name
Classification System to organize life Classification System –Genus = closely related species –Family = closely related genera
Classification System Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Largest Level Smallest Level
Methods of Classification Common ancestry is basis for classification Taxonomy = science of classifying organisms Systematics –Study of diversity of organisms –Based on evolutionary relationships
Domains of Life Archaea Bacteria Eukarya
Cell Types of Organisms Prokaryote –No membrane bound organelles –Genetic material found in a nucleoid Eukaryote –Membrane bound organelles –Genetic material in a nucleus
Archaea Originally thought to be bacteria Live in extreme habitats Do not cause disease Prokaryotic Unicellular
Bacteria Found nearly everywhere Some cause disease Prokaryotic Unicellular
Eukarya Unicellular or Multicellular Eukaryotic cells Divided into at least four kingdoms –Protista –Fungi –Plantae –Animalia
Kingdom Protista Mostly single cell organisms May actually be up to 20 kingdoms Gave rise to other eukaryotes
Kingdom Fungi Most are multicellular Absorptive heterotrophs Most are saprophites
Kingdom Plantae Multicellular Photosynthetic autotrophs
Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Heterotrophs