Cross Cultural Leadership Lecture Ocean University of China Qingdao, China February 28, 2005

What I will cover: Personal Introduction About the International University of Monaco Aspects of Management and Leadership Basic concepts of culture Cross Cultural Management Aspects of cross cultural leadership Finish

Who Am I? … ….William S. Lightfoot, Ph. D. Today Associate Dean, MBA Program International University of Monaco (France/Italy) Teach: Strategy, Product Management, MIS, Operations Father/Husband 2 daughters (10 and 12) Have taught: US, Canada, Greece, Monaco My Background 20 Years business experience: 12 in Large Companies 2 Family Business 4 Consulting 2 Start up operations Bachelors in Electrical Engineering MBA Ph. D. Organization and Management

About the International University of Monaco

Where is Monaco Where the Alps meet the Mediterranean Sea…and France meets Italy.

What Monaco is known for… The Princes’ Family… Luxury Wealth Prestige Sports ASM Monaco #2 Club Team in Europe (Football) Monte Carlo Grand Prix (Formula 1)

What it means to be in Monaco: Location Access to ‘industry’ leaders Multiculturalism/Diversity* Entrepreneurial Spirit * IUM is Ranked #1 in the Economist Rankings Multicultural Student Body Monaco EUROPE/Mediterranean

About IUM Small, private, prestigious University A Top 100 MBA (The Economist) #1 in Student Diversity Follow the AMERICAN curriculum Expertise in: Luxury Brand Management Finance/Wealth Management Entrepreneurship Sponsor of the NeXT Generation Entrepreneurs Forum ‘An American MBA Program with the #1 ranking in student diversity!’

IUM is located in Monte-Carlo, in the Principality of Monaco IUM is located in Monte-Carlo, in the Principality of Monaco. Most of you may wonder what is the difference between Monaco and MC ? Actualy, MC is the place where you can find the Casino, luxury hotels, (show the upper part of the photo) and our university is in this part of MC (show the lower part of the photo). The Principality of Monaco is the whole country.

Basic concepts of culture: 3 domains of cultural knowledge General cultural knowledge Freely available knowledge about cultures Specific cultural knowledge Peculiar to a given source of common knowledge – relevant to firm’s operations Cross-cultural knowledge Applied in cross-cultural interactions and continually updated with experience. Cross Cultural Knowledge Specific Knowledge General Knowledge

Culture Members of a culture system share: Transmitted by symbols Set of ideas Values Transmitted by symbols Produced by past actions of a group and its members Culture is learned; Culture shapes behavior; Culture influences ones perception of the world;

How culture is perceived: Culture as an aspect of: National or ethnic grouping Special qualities of an organization Mental attributes Past studies have attempted to group cultures by nationality.

Risk Avoidance vs. Respect for Hierarchy Willing to take Chances China China China High Respect for Hierarchy Where do the Chinese people fit?

Differences can lead to a fixation with culture shock. Core Problems Much focus on differences. Can lead to fear/discomfort. Can lead to retreat home. Core Solutions Development of cross cultural skills possibly through training and positive experiences Creating the need for ‘Cross-cultural managers.’ Thematic model of core problems and core solutions in the Cross-cultural management literature. – page 30; Holden.

Cross Cultural Management: Responsible for managing the interaction between people from different cultural groups Responsible for enabling learning By joining the Ocean/Northumbria program, you are taking responsibility for your own learning…a VERY important first step towards success.

Task of cross-cultural management: Redistribution of common knowledge; Connecting centers of common knowledge through the creation of a common serviceable language. (p. 228) Cross Cultural Manager is a facilitator of CC Interactions

The cross-cultural manager is also… A communicator; A global knowledge worker; AND: They guide Multicultural teams; They run the global organization. Cross-cultural managers are concerned with business ethics, and social responsibility.

Backgrounds of Successful Cross Cultural Managers: Good, general education (business & liberal arts/humanities) Useful international experience Widened, deepened mind Work, education, or long-term residence in another country Know-how to apply intelligence and tact Knowledge of a modern foreign language Computer literacy CC Managers focus on short term achievements…and leaders?

Leaders have … A presence and a passion Emanate positive energy… Often an expertise Emanate positive energy… Attractive to others (‘followers’)

Leaders also… Can ‘see’ a future others cannot Not always clear Sets the direction And an achievement orientation Great leaders want to be part of achieving great things… Leaders are visionaries…strategists.

Cross Cultural Leaders… Have all of this…Passion, Presence, Vision, Achievement orientation…PLUS Open minded Curious Courageous They have a strong desire to work with people from other cultures….

Where are you on the path? Leadership (Strategic) Management (Tactical) Work Experience Masters Degree Bachelors Degree

Who are GREAT leaders? Who do you consider a great leader? Why? Ghandi? Martin Luther King? Mother Theresa? Jack Welch? Philip Green? Queen Elizabeth I Hitler? Bishop Tutu? Mao? Who do you consider a great leader? Why?

‘Education is not filling a bucket but lighting a fire.’ William Butler Yeats ‘Education is not filling a bucket but lighting a fire.’

Thank you!