EXPLORATION

Native Americans  Archeologists believe that the first Native Americans came across the Bering Straight

Central & South America - Empires  Aztecs  Current day Mexico City  Conquered by Hernando Cortez  Built temples, pyramids and stone palaces

 Incas  Current day Peru: Andes Mountains  Conquered by Francisco Pizarro  Built bridges, roads, buildings and an irrigation system

 Maya  Current Day Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico)  Disappeared long before European explorers arrived  Developed a system of writing and an accurate calendar

North America  North America – Tribes headed by Chieftain  Navajo, Apache, Pueblo – Southwest United States  Cherokee, Seminoles – Southeast United States  Iroquois – Northeast United States

 By the mid 1500’s, the Native Americans of the Northeast had formed a well-organized political alliance call the IROQUOIS LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The main goal of the alliance was mutual protection.

Scientific Advancements  CARAVEL – Ship that needed little wind, could handle extended travel  ASTROLABE – Determined LATITUDE on the globe via stars  COMPASS – Determined direction from magnetic North

Explorers – Sailed for Gold, Glory, God, and Spices  Explorer Sailed for… Explored  Christopher Columbus*SpainAmericas, Caribbean  Hernando CortesSpainMexico  Vasco de GamaPortugalIndia  Ferdinand Magellan**SpainAtlantic to Pacific  Jacques CartierFranceSt. Lawrence River   * Columbus was looking for a new route to Asia  ** Sailed around South America… Straight of Magellan   Explorers brought disease to the New World that killed millions of Native Americans

Rivalry Between Nations  Catholics  Spain  Portugal  France  Protestants  England

 Spain and Portugal disputed over new lands  Resolved with TREATY OF TORDESILLAS  Pope established LINE OF DEMARCATION splitting land between Spain and Portugal  France and England will fight a war later (7 years/French & Indian War)

Differences between types of explorers  French – Fur trappers. Came to New World (Canada) and returned home  English – Colonists. Came to New World and stayed permanently