CHAPTER 2 PAGE

LOG APRIL Explain the role that joints play in the body. 2

SKELETAL SYSTEM Bones, cartilage, and the connective tissue that holds bonds together make up your skeletal system. 3

SKELETON FUNCTION 1.To Provide Shape 2.To Provide Structure 3.Protection of Organs 4.Produces Blood Cells 5.Stores Minerals 4 Skull Clavicle Sternum Ribs Humerus Vertebral column Ulna Radius Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Pelvis Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges

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SHAPE AND SUPPORT 206 bones are in the human skeleton More than 26 small bones make up the vertebrae (backbone) Clip: Structure 6

BONE STRUCTURE Compact Bone is bone tissue without any visible open spaces. Outer Membrane protects the thin parts of the bone Spongy bone is bone tissue that has many open spaces is called spongy bone. Bones contain a soft tissue called marrow. Marrow Is a type of connective tissue 7 Yellow MarrowRed Marrow FXNStores FatMakes Blood Cells LocationMiddle of boneSpongy bone

Bone Structure Many tissues make up the femur, the body’s longest bone. Describe each part of the bone and what it does. The Skeletal System

DEVELOPMENT Most bones start out as a flexible tissue called cartilage. Eventually, most cartilage is replaced by bone. BONE GROWTH Grow longer to make you taller. Replace itself when damaged 9

BONE HEALTH HEALTHY BONE Minerals from a healthy diet are strengthen bones. Bones will provide other systems with minerals when needed. Ex: Calcium OSTEOPOROSIS When bones lose minerals. Causes large spaces in bones. The spaces make bones weak. 10

JOINTS 11

SECTION 2 MUSCULAR SYSTEM 12

MUSCLE MOVEMENT INVOLUNTARY You do not always have to think about the action to control the movement. (any movement that continues while sleep) Example Breathing Heart Beating VOLUNTARY You think about the movement. Example Standing up Moving arms 13

The muscular system is made up of the muscles that let you move. Involuntary muscle found in the digestive tract and the walls of the blood vessels is called smooth muscle. Involuntary muscle found in your heart is called cardiac muscle. Muscle attached to your skeleton for movement is called skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle can be voluntary or involuntary.

Muscle Use How is the person in each frame using involuntary and voluntary muscles? The Muscular System

MUSCLE TISSUE Is made of cells that contract and relax This produces movement 3 types click Smooth Skeletal Cardiac

The Muscular System

Types of Muscle Tissue Identify the type of muscle tissue in each body structure. The Muscular System

Compare and Contrast How are all three muscle tissues alike and how are they different?

Chapter 22 Section 3 The Muscular System

Muscle Pairs When the arm is bent at the elbow, the biceps contracts while the triceps relaxes. What happens to each muscle when the arm is straightened? The Muscular System

LOG MAY 2 Define flexor and extensor? How do they work together? 22

Use It or Lose It Resistance Exercise During resistance exercise, people work against the resistance, or weight, of an object to strengthen their skeletal muscles. Aerobic Exercise Steady, moderately intense activity is called aerobic exercise, and strengthens the heart and increases endurance.

Muscle Injury A strain is an injury in which a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn. People who exercise too much can hurt their tendons. Inflamed tendons is called tendonitis. Some people try to make their muscles stronger by taking drugs. These drugs are called anabolic steroids and can cause long- term health problems.

SECTION 3 THE SKIN PAGES

Functions of Skin Your skin, hair, and nails make up your integumentary system. Skin protects you by keeping water in your body and foreign particles out of your body. Nerve endings in your skin let you feel things around you. Skin helps regulate your body temperature. Skin also helps get rid of waste chemicals.

Functions of Skin Eliminate Waste Products : excess minerals in sweat Produce Vitamin D: sunlight stimulates the production in some skin cells. Vitamin D is important foe calcium absorption of the body

Layers of Skin Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin. Most cells in the epidermis are dead. Dermis The thicker layer of skin that lies beneath the epidermis is the dermis. Melanin- color pigment of the skin

Chapter 22 Section 4 The Integumentary System Chapter 22

The Skin Structures of the Skin What are the functions of the epidermis, the nerves, and the sweat gland?

Hair and Nails A hair forms at the bottom of a tiny sac called a hair follicle. Hair helps protect skin from ultraviolet light and helps regulate body temperature in most mammals. A nail grows from living cells in the nail root at the base of the nail. Nails protect the tips of your fingers and toes.

Section 4 The Integumentary System Chapter 22 Skin Injuries Skin is often damaged, but fortunately can repair itself. However, damage to the genetic material in skin cells can cause skin cancer.

The Skin Page 55 Sunscreen Ratings The graph shows how sunscreens with different sun protection factor (SPF) ratings affect the amount of time that two people can stay in the sun without beginning to sunburn.