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Absolute Monarch The Enlightenment The French Revolution and Napoleon 10 Point 20 Points 30 Points 40 Points 50 Points 10 Point 20 Points 30 Points 40 Points 50 Points 30 Points 40 Points 50 Points English Revolution Scientific Revolution

What does heliocentric mean? What does geocentric mean?

Sun-centered Earth-centered

What scientist was the first to use a telescope to prove the heliocentric view of the universe? Why was this view controversial?

Galileo Galilei His heliocentric view was contrary to the Catholic Church’s geocentric view.

What discovery is William Harvey most famous for? How was this idea different from previous views?

Discovered circulation of the blood started and ended in the heart. Previous belief was that blood circulation started in the liver.

List and explain the most significant discovery of Isaac Newton. Why was this discovery so significant? List Newton’s most famous book.

Discovered the laws of gravity. Helped to support heliocentric view and set the stage for modern physics. Principia

Why was Galileo brought before the Inquisition? What was the result of this meeting? Why did Galileo become partially blind?

Accused of heresy (speaking against the Church) for publishing information about the heliocentric view of the universe. He recanted his views, but placed under house arrest. glaucoma

Define absolute monarch. List 2 examples of European absolute monarchs.

King or Queen who rules with total power and believes that they have been given their right to rule by God (Divine Right). Louis XIV, Peter the Great,

What palace did Louis XIV have built? List 3 facts about the palace.

Palace of Versailles Housed 10,000 people, contained a zoo, 1,500 fountains, lavish gardens, and sculptures.

Explain why Elizabeth I, although Queen of England for a long time, is not considered an absolute monarch.

Was required to get approval from Parliament before making major decisions such as waging war. Therefore, she did not have absolute power.

As leader of Russia, what title was Peter the Great given? What is Peter credited with?

Tsar (czar) of Russia Modernizing Russia- dragging it out of the Middle Ages.

What title was Louis XIV given? Why? How many years did Louis XIV rule?

Sun King- thought the world should revolve around him. 72 years

What is the name for the governing/law- making body in England?

Parliament

Why did the English Civil War begin? What two groups fought each other in the war?

Charles I wanted to dissolve parliament and make himself an absolute monarch. Cavaliers and Roundheads

Who was Oliver Cromwell? What type of government did he set up?

A puritan and supporter of Parliament. Military dictatorship

What did the English people dislike about James II? Who was invited to rule England in his place? What is the event in history known as? Explain why. What year did it take place?

He was Catholic. William and Mary Glorious Revolution- took over as King and queen with virtually no Bloodshed

List and explain the two documents William and Mary were required to sign before they could take the throne.

The English Bill of Rights- set forth Parliament’s right to make laws and levy taxes. Also stated that standing armies could be raised only with Parliament’s consent. Laid the foundation for a limited, or constitutional monarchy. The Toleration Act of Granted Puritans, but not Catholics, the right of free public worship.

Name any 3 topics debated during the Enlightenment.

Government, slavery, human nature, women’s rights

Name 3 Enlightenment thinkers.

John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Hobbes, Voltaire, Mary Wollstonecraft

What Enlightenment thinker had a major influence on the American Revolution? Explain why.

John Locke. Believed in democracy (people have a natural ability to govern themselves) and that people shouldn’t be persecuted for religious beliefs.

What famous book did Thomas Hobbes write? What form of government did he see best for people? Why?

Leviathan. People are not able to govern themselves- people are too wicked/selfish. An absolute monarchy (although not hereditary) is necessary.

Where did Mary Wollstonecraft live? What pamphlet did she write? What did this document discuss?

England. The Vindication of the Rights of Women. All people are equal, including women.

Describe 3 causes of the French Revolution.

3 rd Estate paid all the taxes. Unequal representation in the Estates General. France was in debt.

List and describe 3 events of the French Revolution.

Tennis Court Oath Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen written The Reign of Terror Monarchy abolished and the French Republic created Louis XVI calls the meeting of the Estates-General King Louis XVI guillotined Robespierre guillotined and Reign of Terror comes to an end. National Assembly created Storming of the Bastille The Directory leads France Women march to Versailles to demand bread Committee of Public Safety is formed. Maximilian Robespierre becomes the leader Paris Commune takes King Louis XVI captive. National Convention called. National Assembly votes to abolish the rights of landlords, as well as nobles/clergy Directory is overthrown by the popular French general, Napoleon Bonaparte The Legislative Assembly holds first session National Assembly completes the Constitution of 1791, setting up a limited monarch

List 5 facts about Napoleon

Born on the island of Corsica Mothers name was Leticia Became an officer at the age of 15 Went to school in Paris Was born in 1769

Put the following events of the French Revolution in the correct order: Tennis Court Oath Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen written The Reign of Terror Monarchy abolished and the French Republic created Louis XVI calls the meeting of the Estates-General King Louis XVI guillotined Robespierre guillotined and Reign of Terror comes to an end. National Assembly created Storming of the Bastille

Louis XVI calls the meeting of the Estates-General National Assembly created Tennis Court Oath Storming of the Bastille Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen written Monarchy abolished and the French Republic created King Louis XVI guillotined The Reign of Terror Robespierre guillotined and Reign of Terror comes to an end.

On what island was Napoleon exiled at the end of his life? What year did he die? What happened in France after Napoleon was exiled?

St. Helena 1821 Monarchy restored (but not absolute monarchy, instead limited monarchy).

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Final Question