NamPower’s perspectives on CCS by Mr. Danie. F. Louw NamPower Manager: Safety, Health, Environment & Wellness & Mr. Noddy Hipangelwa Ministry Of Mines & Energy Deputy Director Johannesburg, 1 June 2011 "Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure…” Nelson Mandela. South African Statesman , 1993 Nobel Prize for Peace, b.1918 www.nampower.com.na

Discussion Points Introduction to the Power Industry in Namibia Electricity network in Namibia Climate Change in Namibia NamPower carbon footprint Carbon Capture and Storage in Namibia Namibia & CCs Namibia’s Geology The way forward Conclusion To add an additional slide go to “insert”, “duplicate slide”

Introduction to the Power Industry in Namibia The power industry in Namibia is one of the smallest in Southern Africa with a peak demand of 520 MW during 2010. Generation, three power stations with the largest the Ruacana hydropower Station. There are number of role players in the Electricity industry, but NamPower is at present amongst the largest been licensed to generate electricity. Demand is expected to increase over the next ten years due to the development of Uranium mines on the western Coast of the country. To add an additional slide go to “insert”, “duplicate slide”

Power Generation in Namibia

Electricity Network

Future Generation Investigations for new electricity generation capacity in the country are underway, and include assessments for: A Coal-Fired Power Station of up to 400 MW, 50 MW Diesel, 800 MW Natural Gas, 80 MW Wind, Up to 600 MW from Hydro, and a Nuclear Power Station. Namibia does not offer easily exploitable fossil fuel reserves, apart from its natural gas resources at the Kudu gas field.

Introduction to the Power Industry in Namibia ESI Supply Value Chain Electricity generation Transmission lines (400/220/66 KV) Distribution lines 66/33/ kV Residential Reticulation HV line (11 /0,4 kV) Reticulation LV line (380/220V) Distribution substation Transmission substation NamPower Power Stations & PPA Industry, mining & large customers REDs & Local Authorities Commercial/small industry/ farming/small munics

Introduction to the Power Industry in Namibia Major Projects: Hwange Rehabilitation: 2009 (completed) Caprivi Link: (350HVDC) 2010 (completed) Anixas: 2011 Ruacana 4th Unit: 2012 IPP (Wind/ slop) : 2012 Orange River Hydro's: 2013 Kudu / Walvis Bay Coal: 2014 Baynes: 2017/18 ZIZABONA: 2013

Introduction to the Power Industry in Namibia Carbon Footprint (2008): Neither Paratus Power Station (diesel) or Van Eck Power Station (coal) operates on a permanent basis Power Plant Emission Factor (kg CO2 / GWh) Van Eck Power Station 1440 Paratus Power Station 819 Namibian Grid 720 Regional Baseline 985 To add an additional slide go to “insert”, “duplicate slide”

Namibia’s CO2 Emissions Namibia’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2000 were mainly from the agriculture (6,700 Gg) and energy (2,200 Gg) sectors. At the time, Namibia was a net carbon sink, sequestering a total carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent of some 1,400 Gg per annum. Some major developments are underway, which would influence this status, such as: Harvesting of about 80,000 tonnes of biomass from invader bush species per annum, to be used for wood gasification power plants, coal-fuel replacement for cement production and export of wood pellets. Commissioning of a cement factory towards the end of 2010 with an annual coal consumption of 120,000 tonnes.

Namibia and CCS To date, the only initiatives regarding CCS relate to desktop research into carbon sequestration in soils using biochar. No assessment of geological formations in Namibia, which can be used to store CO2, have been undertaken yet, partially because there are few significant and permanent point source emitters of CO2. As a consequence, the understanding of CCS potentials in Namibia remains limited, both at government institutions and the private sector. There is only a very limited understanding where geological formations of relevance to CCS exist, and the associated regulatory requirements remain undeveloped.

Namibia’s Geology Limited information on Namibia’s geology beyond 800 m depth. Main basins worth closer investigation are the Owambo, Aranos Basins. Aranos basin has known coal reserves, but at 200 m to 300 m depth Owambo Basin contains several “mounds” with a capacity of 500 million barrels each at depths of about 800 m. Although 40% of the mounds are reservoir rock, they have not been drilled yet.

The Way Forward for Namibia Building of capacity in the mining sector through incorporating CCS aspects in tertiary education. Investigations on geological formations as part of mining exploration activities should be expanded to consider CO2 storage. A study to identify what information is available at present could be the pre-cursor to producing high-level geological maps on suitable CO2 storage sites. Greater cooperation with South Africa, Botswana and Mozambique CCS initiatives are advisable, to facilitate the capacity building process in Namibia.

Conclusion The Namibian ESI is currently not big enough to warrant investment in CCS research. The capital investment will in all probability be to excessive to make it a viable option without funding. CFL Project: NamPower, MME and ECB Research: Wind assessment: NamPower and Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Institute: Luderitz

Thank You Danie.Louw@nampower.com.na Tell: +264 61 3222089