Directorate-General for Energy and Transport The RES potential of the Europe’s maritime periphery Dr. Eng. Gonzalo MOLINA IGARTUA Head of Unit Management of Energy RTD programmes CPMR WORKING GROUP SEMINAR ENERGY FOR THE PERIPHERY PAMPLONA 5-6 OCTOBER 2006

2 Polygeneration Geothermal BioenergyWind Solar ThOcean Grid issues Ecobuildings Energy Efficiency PV Renewable energy Sources

Directorate General for Energy and Transport Overall Energy statistics data RES EU25, Source: EUROSTAT Current trend: Mtoe/ 2010

n° 4 Directorate General for Energy and Transport DEMAND MANAGEMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGIES (1) The Green Book on Security of Energy Supply considers: 1°The supply from renewables and the demand management (energy efficiency) are essential components for this security 2°Only the integrated use of all political and market instruments can help to increase this security

n° 5 General Directorate for Energy and Transport DEMAND MANAGEMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGIES (2) How to succeed with the difficult actions in buildings and transport?: -Adequate integration supply/demand: role of RES and EE -Adequate integration of instruments according to each specific circumstance : oLegislation oMarket mechanisms: - Technological innovation - Non-technological instruments: »Innovative financial schemes »Training, behaviour… »Standards, monitoring and targetting… »Other

n° 6 General Directorate for Energy and Transport The relation between community instruments Research Policy: Development of new technologies Research Policy: Development of new technologies Energy Policy: To solve problems and needs of society Energy Policy: To solve problems and needs of society Research and Development DemonstrationDemonstration Long term Short term DG RTD DG TREN Medium term IEE LEGISLATION COST OF RES ECOBUILDINGS CONCERTO CIVITAS ALTERNATIVE FUELS POLYGENERATION Dissemination Market

n° 7 General Directorate for Energy and Transport POLITICAL AND LEGISLATIVE INSTRUMENTS (1) Political and legislative instruments : Sector Supply Demand RESEE BUTRIND White Book on RES XXXX White Book on Transport 2001 XX Green Book on Energy Efficiency in Europe XXXXX Directive on RES-electricity XXXX Biomass Action Plan X XX Directive on Energy Perform. of Buildings XXX Directive on Cogeneration XXXXX Directive on Bio-fuels XXX Directive on Energy Services XXXXX Directive on Eco-design… XXXX Other: Lighting, Informatics… XXX

8 n° 8 General Directorate for Energy and Transport INTELLIGENT ENERGY. EUROPE: THE FACILITATOR PROGRAMME: Legislative inputs RTD inputs New instruments created by the IEE programme: - Knowledge - Behaviour - Monitoring - Training - Financing - Other Best adequate integration of instruments Retrofitting of social housing SAVE (+3) RES – electricity ALTENER (+3) Alternative Fuels for vehicles STEER (+2) Urban and Periurban areas COOPENER (+2) IEE Key actions in IEE

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport SOLAR ENERGY

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL Solar electricity: PHOTOVOLTAICS –White Paper objective 2010: 3 GW (5GW) –PV Platform objective2030: 200 GW Solar electricity: SOLAR THERMAL POWER –Market size 2010:600 MW –Market size2020:2400 MW Solar Heating and Cooling –White Paper objective 2010: 100 Mm 2 ~ 70 GW –ESTIF target 2020: 200 GW ~300 Mm2 *COM(97)599 final Energy for the future; § ESTIA 2005

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport SOLAR: Contribution to Policy Phovoltaic & Solar Thermal Power to contribute RES-E Directives (2001/77/EC) RES-Heating and Cooling Document by the end of the year Export potential and market opening in North Africa and other neighbour countries

Information - CommunicationDirectorate general for Energy and Transport WIND ENERGY

Richest resource in the world Sufficient to provide all of EU’s electricity requirements Technically efficient and commercial competitive to exploit Predictable fuel cost Independent of external political influences: very local Clean Europe’s Wind Resource

Information - CommunicationDirectorate general for Energy and Transport Wind Energy in Europe Global wind power capacity has grown to over 50,000MW by mid Europe represents 73% of total installed capacity. In 2004, European companies had a market share of 80% of the € 8 billion market for wind turbines.

Europe as Wind Energy world leader Europe has : 80% global manufacturing share 70% annual and cumulative market Annual market value of ~ € 7bn 72% capacity in 2 countries 75,000 jobs Generates 2.8% EU electricity By 2010 wind is predicted to; Annual electricity generation of 167 TWh, equivalent to 5.5% of European electricity demand, (=34m people) 28% of all new installed generation capacity 10.6% of overall generation capacity Deliver 50% of the Renewable Directive target Meet >30% of the EU Kyoto Protocol commitment Cumulative CO2 savings of 523m :Avoid €13 billion imported fuel costs, Avoid €10-25 billion external costs Data for Source: EWEA WIND POWER INSTALLED IN EUROPE BY END OF 2005 (CUMULATIVE) EU – 40,504 MW ACCESSION COUNTRIES – 28 MW EFTA COUNTRIES – 279 MW Rep. Of Ireland UK 1,353 Netherlands 1,219 Spain 10,027 Belgium 167 France 757 Germany 18,428 Denmark 3,122 Norway 267 Sweden 500 Finland 82 Italy 1,717 Switzerlan d 11.6 Austria 819 Poland 73 Latvia 26 Romania 1.4 Turkey 20 Greece 573 Luxembourg 35 Portugal 1,022 Czech Republic 26 Estonia 30 Hungary 17 Lithuania 7 Slovakia 5 Croatia 6 Bulgaria 1 Note: Due to previous-year adjustments, project decomissioning of 50 MW, and rounding, the 2005 end-of-year cumulative capacity total does not exactly match the year-end 2004 total plus the 2005 additions. Cyprus 0 Ukraine 82 Iceland 0 Faroe Islands 4 Malta 0 Slovenia 0

European Wind Energy today Source: EWEA Total at end 2004 Installed Jan-Dec 2005 Total at end 2005 Austria Belgium Cyprus000 Czech Republic17926 Denmark3,118223,122 Estonia32730 Finland824 France Germany16,6291,80818,428 Greece Hungary31417 Ireland* Italy1, ,717 Latvia270 Lithuania707 Luxembourg350 Malta000 Netherlands1, ,219 Poland Portugal ,022 Slovakia505 Slovenia000 Spain8,2631,76410,027 Sweden UK EU-1534,2466,12240,317 EU EU-2534,3716,18340,504 EU CAPACITY (MW)ACCESSION COUNTRIES (MW) Total at end 2004 Installed Jan- Dec 2005 Total at end 2005 Faroe Islands Ukraine Total Total at end 2004 Installed Jan- Dec 2005 Total at end 2005 Iceland000 Liechtenstein000 Norway Switzerland Total Total at end 2004 Installed Jan- Dec 2005 Total at end 2005 Bulgaria101 Croatia606 Romania Turkey200 Total EFTA COUNTRIES (MW) OTHER COUNTRIES (MW)

Current trend

Information - CommunicationDirectorate general for Energy and Transport CHALLENGES IN WIND ENERGY Growing markets: Larger machines for optimal exploitation of the wind potential. High penetration levels of wind require short-term production forecasts Emerging markets: Off-shore Large machines with highest reliability to reduce infrastructure and maintenance costs. Cost effective foundations and grid- connection. New Member States: Setting-up of an industry and a support infrastructure, creating confidence, develop framework conditions

Directorate General for Energy and Transport BIOMASS

Directorate General for Energy and Transport EU25, , biomass & waste only Source: EUROSTAT Targets for 2010 (EU-25): +62 mtoe for heat/electricity +18 mtoe biofuels Europe’s ambitious targets for bioenergy Wood : 85 %

Directorate General for Energy and Transport In EU 25 : 140 Mha forest (36 % of land) Current level of felling : 60 % of trees Annual forest extension : ha 12 M Forest owners; 4 M people employed (direct/ indirect) Various studies evaluating the potential of wood/ forest All express same main result : tremendous potential unexploited Most recent study : EEA report ‘How much bioenergy can Europe produce without harming the environment? EU Forest - Wood resources

Directorate General for Energy and Transport Main findings/ conservative figures as calculated at 35€/barrel: By 2010 : Forest residues : 15 Mtoe Wood waste from processing industries & demolition wood: 34 Mtoe Complementary fellings stem wood &residues : 28 Mtoe By 2030: Complementary fellings stem wood &residues: 23 Mtoe Forest residues: 16.5 Mtoe Wood waste from processing industries & demolition wood : 37 Mtoe If calculate at 50 €/ barrel of oil : would expect a doubling of these figures Considerable potential for felling in many EU countries: but most important in: central EU, Italy, France, UK, Spain. EU Forest - Wood Results of EEA report

Directorate General for Energy and Transport Power + 35 Mtoe/a by 2010 Heat/ Cooling +27 Mtoe/a by 2010 Trans- port +18 Mtoe/a by 2010 Strategic research agenda FP7 Functioning solid biofuels European market including international trade Current use and future potential, land availability, food & other industrial needs Socio-economic issues and proper approach to the EU citizen BIOMASS ACTION PLAN MAIN COMPONENTS Total: + 80 Mtoe by 2010

Directorate General for Energy and Transport Biomass Action Plan outputs COM 2005 – 628 Final In total more than 30 specific measures proposed to stimulate the Bioenergy market and distributed under five areas ( Details in Annex 1) : - Biomass Heating - Biomass for Electricity generation - Transport Biofuels - Cross cutting issues - Research

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 27

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28 Over patents worldwide No standardisation or prevailing design Ocean Energy the associated break through promoted

Europe as Wind Energy world leader Europe has : 80% global manufacturing share 70% annual and cumulative market Annual market value of ~ € 7bn 72% capacity in 2 countries 75,000 jobs Generates 2.8% EU electricity By 2010 wind is predicted to; Annual electricity generation of 167 TWh, equivalent to 5.5% of European electricity demand, (=34m people) 28% of all new installed generation capacity 10.6% of overall generation capacity Deliver 50% of the Renewable Directive target Meet >30% of the EU Kyoto Protocol commitment Cumulative CO2 savings of 523m :Avoid €13 billion imported fuel costs, Avoid €10-25 billion external costs Data for Source: EWEA WIND POWER INSTALLED IN EUROPE BY END OF 2005 (CUMULATIVE) EU – 40,504 MW ACCESSION COUNTRIES – 28 MW EFTA COUNTRIES – 279 MW Rep. Of Ireland UK 1,353 Netherlands 1,219 Spain 10,027 Belgium 167 France 757 Germany 18,428 Denmark 3,122 Norway 267 Sweden 500 Finland 82 Italy 1,717 Switzerlan d 11.6 Austria 819 Poland 73 Latvia 26 Romania 1.4 Turkey 20 Greece 573 Luxembourg 35 Portugal 1,022 Czech Republic 26 Estonia 30 Hungary 17 Lithuania 7 Slovakia 5 Croatia 6 Bulgaria 1 Note: Due to previous-year adjustments, project decomissioning of 50 MW, and rounding, the 2005 end-of-year cumulative capacity total does not exactly match the year-end 2004 total plus the 2005 additions. Cyprus 0 Ukraine 82 Iceland 0 Faroe Islands 4 Malta 0 Slovenia 0

30 Dynamic, fast developing sector  Actual projected production cost bellow 0.10 €/kWh  Average electricity production cost in EU 0.04€/kWh  Target Cost by €/kWh Ocean Energy Costs

31 Ocean Energy Funding and priorities EC funding the last 15 years (DG RTD) > 30M€ 6 demo projects under negotiation in DG TREN (budget 10M€) Priorities for FP7 Basic Research as well as demonstration of full scale systems for electricity generation, in view of their commercial exploitation

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport ECOBUILDINGS

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport Potential for Ecobuildings in Europe More than 40% of the final energy consumption Since 1990 energy consumption in the domestic and tertiary sectors increased 1.3% per year A potential of 22% energy saving could be realised in heating, cooling and lighting A balanced share between new and retrofitted buildings Rehabilitation necessary for 80 to 90% of buildings in the last EUR 10 Building stocks: Between 50 and 100 mio apartments

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport ECOBUILDINGS Contribution to the political and legislative objectives Improve substantially the energy performance of the building market at a large scale transferring scientific knowledge issued from projects into stricter standards Go beyond the requirements of existing legislation and thus contributing to a further development of regulatory issues in this sector

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport Directorate General for Energy and Transport POLYGENERATION

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport Directorate General for Energy and Transport Polygeneration…beyond CHP Potential of the Sector Polygeneration applies to all energy sectors and types of fuels. Aims to maximise energy efficiency and use of resources by providing flexibility and multiple services. Principle of generating more than two energy types, CHCP, CHP&Products. Its potential for the EU is very significant. It addresses fossil fuels too. Microturbine Volvo engine adapted for DME

37 supports concrete initiatives of local communities working towards a completely integrated energy policy, harmonizing a substantial use of RES with efficient innovative technologies and systems to minimize energy consumption and to improve the quality of citizens’ lives. WHAT IS

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport n° 38 Directorate General for Energy and Transport CONCERTO PV plant Wind power plant House with Solar thermal and PV Storage Local CHP plant Neighbourhood CHP Individual house Office buildings ESCO Natural Gas Electricity Small industry SMEs Big industry Green electricity Green electricity Storage

n° 39 Directorate-General for Energy and Transport Citizens: From passive consumers … … to active savers Think globally Governance Managenergy and others Citizens: real actors Society Act locally PROGRAMMES ManagEnergy Legislation is global Integration of Instruments: - from EU - from MS Community added value NETWORKING