Crime Analysis with Crime Mapping Chapter 10: Identifying Useful and Meaningful Patterns Prepared by: Dr. Rachel Boba (August 2008)

Pattern Responses by Police Responses in Area and during Times of Pattern Directed patrol –Police patrol in the areas and times of the pattern –In cars, on bikes, or on foot –Objective is to arrest offenders in the act or deter offenders (increasing perceived risk) Field contacts –Contacting people in the pattern area –Objective to arrest offenders, deter offenders, and identify investigative leads

Pattern Responses by Police Responses in Area and during Times of Pattern Surveillance –Police watch and wait in a particular area at a particular time for a crime to happen in order to make an arrest –Used in the most specific patterns –Personnel costs are very high “Sting” or “bait” operations –People or property that have been targeted in a particular pattern are put out as “bait” for offenders –Police observe the “bait” or have electronic monitoring that allows them to arrest the offender or record offenders committing the crimes when the bait is taken

Pattern Responses by Police Responses during Business/Waking Hours Clearing cases –Arrest for one crime is used to clear others in the pattern Contacting potential victims directly –Crime prevention education targeted at specific victims, times, and areas –In person, through a letter via postal mail, or through flyers left at homes or businesses

Pattern Responses by Police Responses during Business/Waking Hours Reverse 911 –Technology that allows the police to call residents and businesses in a pattern area and leave a recorded message about the crime pattern and crime prevention advice Providing pattern information to the public –Encourage the public to provide additional information (“tips”) –Offenders might be deterred from continuing their offending –Encourage individuals to protect themselves –Media such as newspapers, radio, television, and the Internet are used to provide this information

Persons Crime Persons are the targets Robbery, sexual assault, indecent exposure, public sexual indecency, and kidnapping Witness to the crime (the victim) Details about modus operandi, suspect characteristics, and the vehicles involved Main goal to link common suspect Typically result in series or sprees Less commonly, hot spots, hot dots, or hot targets Typical responses: Investigation of multiple crimes, surveillance, directed patrol, informing general public

Robbery Patterns Key characteristics –Actions of the suspect –Type of victim or place –Suspect and vehicle description (caution) –Proximity for street robberies

Street Robbery Series, Ft. Pierce, Florida

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Sex Crime Patterns Key characteristics –Stranger crime –Actions of the suspect –Type of victim –Suspect description (caution) –Evolution of behavior

Peeping Tom Series, Gilbert, Arizona

Property is the target Theft from vehicle, auto theft, residential and commercial burglary, criminal trespass, and criminal damage Often no witnesses Usually have little or no suspect information Main goal to link by type of crime, type of target/property, and proximity Typically result in sprees, hot spots, hot targets, and hot products Typical responses: Informing potential victims, directed patrol, reverse 911 Property Crime

Theft from Vehicle Patterns Key characteristics –Type of place where cars are located –Proximity –Time of occurrence –Unique MO or property taken

Theft from Vehicle Spree at Apartments and Condos, Fort Pierce, Florida

Theft From Vehicle Spree at Businesses, Port St. Lucie, Florida

Theft from Vehicle Hot Product, Danvers, MA

Auto Theft Patterns Key characteristics –Type of place where cars are located –Proximity –Time of occurrence –Type of car (in some cases)

Auto Theft Hot Target, Port St. Lucie, Florida

Residential Burglary Patterns Key characteristics –Type of residence –Proximity –Unique MO –Unique property taken

Residential Burglary Hot Spot, Tempe, Arizona

Commercial Burglary Patterns Key characteristics –Type of business –Proximity –Unique MO –Unique property taken

Commercial Burglary Series, Fort Pierce, Florida

Commercial Burglary Hot Target, Fort Pierce, Florida

Crime Analysis with Crime Mapping Chapter 10: Identifying Useful and Meaningful Patterns Prepared by: Dr. Rachel Boba (August 2008)