1. The Police: Organization, Role, and Function
Chapter 6
The Police: Organization, Role, and Function

2. Recent Changes to Police Work
Kansas City Patrol Study
Broken Windows Policing
Community Policing
Problem-oriented Policing (POP)
Intelligence-led Policing (ILP)

3. Kansas City Patrol Study
Variations in patrol techniques appeared to have little influence on citizen’s attitudes toward the police, their satisfaction with police, or their fear of future criminal behavior
Why do you think that is?

4. Broken Windows Policing
The role of the police as maintainers of community order and safety
Three key points
Neighborhood disorder creates fear
Neighborhoods give out crime-promoting signals
Police need to aggressively target low-level “quality of life” crimes
Some people perceive broken windows policing as harassment because the police are focusing on lower level petty crimes and not the more serious problems

5. Community Policing
For generations, police agencies have been trying to gain the cooperation and respect of the communities they serve
Initially, police-community relations programs were implemented to improve relationships between police departments and the public, making citizens more aware of police activities. Community-oriented policing includes programs designed to bring police and the public closer together and create a more cooperative working environment
Help patrol officers reduce the level of fear in the community
Some studies have shown this method reduces crime
Implementing community policing
Foot patrols were the first community policing initiatives that were aimed at forming a bond with community residents by acquainting them with individual officers

6. Problem-oriented Policing (POP)
Police management that stresses proactive problem solving instead of reactive crime fighting
Requires police to identify particular long-term community problems and develop strategies to eliminate these problems, and relied on local residents and private resources
Concentration of police resources on the hot spots of crime
Criminal acts, criminal places
Problem-oriented strategies are being developed that focus on specific criminal problem area, specific criminal acts, or both
Combating auto theft
Some police departments have invested in bait cars, which are parked in high-theft areas and are equipped with technology that alerts law enforcement when sto

7. POP, continued Reducing violence
The most well-known problem-oriented community policing technique is Operation Ceasefire which aimed at reducing youth homicide and youth firearms
Success of street level problem solving efforts must be interpreted with caution
Gauging the effectiveness of problem-oriented policing is difficult
There is a possibility of displacement (crime just moves to another neighborhood)

8. Intelligence-led Policing (ILP)
Since 9/11 policing has experienced a fundamental philosophical change
Combination of homeland security focus with advances made in community and problem oriented policing
ILP is the collection and analysis of information to reduce terrorist activities
Emphasized information sharing, collaboration, and strategic solutions to crime problems

9. ILP, Continued Relies on: Confidential informants Offender interviews
Careful analysis of crime reports and calls for service
Suspect surveillance
Community sources of information
Emphasizes a top-down managerial approach by which administrators set priorities for crime prevention and enforcement, and then pass these priorities down through the agency
Relies on residents as part of the intelligence gathering process