Bellwork (back of books) If urbanisation is the answer what is the question? (List two questions that it could be the answer for) If rural is the answer what is the question? (List three questions) If shanty town is the answer what is the question? (List two questions) If migration is the answer what is the question? (List two questions)

Counterurbanisation Key Questions: What is counterurbanisation? Why has it happened? What are the results? Learning Objectives: Explain the term counterurbanisation Classify c-urb cause and effect

Altofts, Allerton Bywater, Ackworth, Methley or Kippax Homelearning Use the VLE to look at this powerpoint and read the St Ives casestudy Follow this structure to develop your own casestudy on either: Altofts, Allerton Bywater, Ackworth, Methley or Kippax Each of these have developed as a result of counter urbanisation

What is…

What is it ? The process of people moving away from urban areas to smaller settlements and rural areas. Leads to the growth of rural areas beyond the city. The boundary between rural and urban becomes less obvious as more people become involved in counter urbanisation. Depopulation of major urban areas to small areas.

Definition The movement of people to rural areas from urban areas Leaving the cities and moving to smaller towns and villages PLUS - Wider World pg 26 2 Trends Move of employment to rural areas Move of people who commute to towns

Which do you think is the biggest trend and why… Thinking skills THINK PAIR SHARE Question: Which do you think is the biggest trend and why… Move of employment to rural areas OR Move of people who commute to towns

Share!

Images to reflect 1

Questions to discuss (2mins) Why are so many of us leaving the city for the country? Where would you live if you had the choice? e.g. big city, small town, village What if you had a family?

When?

Time Counter urbanisation began in the UK in the 1960s It had been happening before this but this was a time where many more began to move By 1990 a net movement of 1,700 people were leaving for rural areas from the cities

Who?

Who? Affluent Mobile Families with children Write brief suggestions as to why each of these three groups would move out of cities… (5 minutes)

Why?

Why? As before… PUSH and PULL factors In this case RURAL PULL and URBAN PUSH These can be classified two ways… Firstly by push and pull Video clip!

Push or Pull? Traffic congestion Pollution Retirement Fear of crime Rural idyll New/modern houses Overcrowding Expensive repairs to old houses Unemployment Work flexibility Derelict shops Room for expansion Know your neighbours Push: high housing density in cities; pollution levels; crime levels; intensity of city; Pull: community spirit; retirement home; technology to work from home; scenically attractive; traditional features; essential services.

Bellwork (back of books) Explain the difference between urbanisation and counter urbanisation What changes to ‘rural’ areas does counter urbanisation have? How might this ‘mess up’ the settlement hierarchy?

Counterurbanisation Key Questions: What is counterurbanisation? Why has it happened? What are the results? Learning Objectives: Explain the term counterurbanisation Classify c-urb cause and effect

Altofts, Allerton Bywater, Ackworth, Methley or Kippax Homelearning Use the VLE to look at this powerpoint and read the St Ives casestudy Follow this structure to develop your own casestudy on either: Altofts, Allerton Bywater, Ackworth, Methley or Kippax Each of these have developed as a result of counter urbanisation

Why? Economic Social Environmental Secondly by ECONOMIC, SOCIAL and ENVIRONMENTAL reasons Simplify the statements on the next slides and place them in the correct place on your Venn diagram! Economic Social Environmental

Why? 1. Environmental and social problems with inner cities pushed people away from urban areas. At the same time, more rural areas were seen as peaceful, unpolluted, offering greater space and the community spirit that was lacking in inner city areas 2. The growing popularity of the 'out-of-town' industrial and businesses parks as location for employment as industry also became unsatisfied with inner city areas

Why? 3. Improvements in rural transport infrastructures and increased car ownership allowed a greater freedom of choice when choosing where to live 4. The growth in Information Communication Technology (E-mail, Fax, Video-conferencing) has allowed further freedom as people can work from home and are not so tied to urban areas

Why? 5. For social reasons, as people re-acquaint with family or friends, retire to a quiet place, believe the countryside to be more suitable for families or decide the climate/environment is better for their health

Impacts

Impacts House prices can be pushed up as migrants sell expensive city properties and earn higher city wages. This can force young people to leave the village because they cannot afford a house Public transport goes into decline because the new residents are car owners. This can be a major problem for village residents without their own transport, particularly the elderly. This problem is compounded by…

Impacts Traditional rural services start to close as the new population will be reliant on the services of the urban environment such as the supermarket. The closures of village stores and post offices have caused major problems in many rural areas. Those shops and services that survive often find that they have to change to meet the needs of the new population. So the pub becomes a restaurant, the blacksmith now makes garden furniture and the butcher a delicatessen.

Impacts As a large percentage of the migrants will be commuting to work traffic congestion increases. The problem is accentuated by the fact that they will be driving on narrow country roads. Increase car pollution and accidents Change community spirit and traditional values Increase population

Impacts Improvements in local services - gas mains, TV and` cable, local schools Support for a selection of local facilities - generally public houses and local builders (WHY?)

Effects on the Inner City The people who leave the inner city tend to be qualified and skilled. They are usually home owners This leaves behind an untrained workforce. People left behind are usually working class, semi skilled. Population decline means that the city looses out on local taxation revenue e.g. council tax. This means less funds for the key facilities decrease.

Not for everyone?

Moving back Some find rural life is not for them WHO? Young couples, older people WHY? Range of services, commuting, entertainment WHERE TO? Apartments (secure), town houses

Plenary cube Using the random names I’ll throw the cube The sticks decide who answers the questions on today’s learning

Case Study : St Ives Cambridge Location: 65m North of London Lies on the A1123 just of the A14 which links St Ives with Cambridge and provides access to the A1 which is a road straight into London. Regular trains make the access to the cities of Cambridge and London very easy.

High car ownership within the village. What has attracted people to St Ives ? Housing in the area is affordable Journey times are much quick as a result of the new railway lines which have electrified. High car ownership within the village.

Evidence of change The Effects on St Ives The population structures of the town are changing from a once ageing village to a number of young people in the area. A large proportion of the people are working outside of the town 25% of St Ives population commute to London every day. The Effects on St Ives There have been a considerable number of new housing developments around the periphery of St Ives. There has been an increase in new exclusive apartments in and around the town and particularly along the river Ouse. People in St Ives have a higher income compared to the rest of the UK with higher incomes they can afford the higher travel costs to London, which may be for petrol or train fares.

The increased use of St Ives Railway Station Increasing demand for riverside apartments as a result of a large percentage of people wanting to retire to St Ives There is an increasing proportion of people who can afford the rising cost of property (commuters) and the people who work on the farms, part time wages or training schemes. There is some resistance to the building of more homes from the local residents, but many of these do not want their newly chosen environment changed. The increased use of St Ives Railway Station

The double in value of the property in the area. The increase in construction of council housing in the area. The increase rate at which farm building conversions are taking place. Farm buildings are being turned into luxury property around St Ives Current Policy in ST Ives : Any further developments must make a positive contribution to the overall character of the area.

Outer suburbs

rural-urban fringe

urbanisation

CBD

Urban

hierarchy

Counter-urbanisation

rural