health promotion and health education programs

Assumptions of Health Promotion Relationship between Health education& Promotion Definition of Program Definition of Health Outcome Generalized Model of planning General program cycle comprising program cycle Puzzle Planning Implementation Evaluation Sustainability Contents of the Lecture

Health status can be changed. “Health and disease are determined by dynamic interactions among biological, psychological, behavioral, and social factors” Disease occurrence theories and principles can be understood. Appropriate prevention strategies can be developed to deal with the identified health problems. “Behavior can be changed and those changes can influence health”.

“Individual behavior, family interactions, community and workplace relationships and resources, and public policy all contribute to health and influence behavior change”. “Initiating and maintaining a behavior change is difficult”. Individual responsibility should not be viewed as victim blaming, yet the importance of health behavior to health status must be understood. For health behavior change to be permanent, an individual must be motivated and ready to change.

Health Promotion & Education

An overall cycle of processes which involves planning, implementing and evaluating a set of structured activities in order to achieve specified objectives. Definition of Program

Definition of Health Outcome A health outcome is a change in the health of an individual, group or population which is attributable to an intervention or series of interventions.

Generalized Model of planning

General program cycle comprising: planning Implementation Evaluation sustainability

program cycle Puzzle

P L A N N I N G

Plan step 1 Identifying a specific issue, target group. and focus for a program involves: ➣ Consulting with people from within and outside the organization who know about the health issue and the individuals who are affected by it.

Plan step 1 ➣ Collecting and analyzing data and information about the problem from a variety of sources. ➣ considering the organizational context in which the project will operate. ➣ Making a judgment about all this information in order to select a health issue, target group, setting or focus for a program.

Plan step 1 Have consultations been conducted to gather information on: The nature of the perceived issue. Who is most affected by the issue. How to contact and engage communities involved. The types of programs that have been attempted and how successful or unsuccessful they have been.

Plan step 1 Reviewing the relevant information: The type of information may include: Demographic information. Literature about the effectiveness of previous programs Mortality and morbidity data. Social and economic factors, eg, education, social support, literacy levels, housing conditions etc.

Plan step 1 Reviewing the literature Examining the characteristics of the target group Suggestions include: (Age Place of residence, Gender, Education level, Ethnic background, Occupational Status, Aboriginality Income, Language spoken at home Literacy level)

Plan step 2 Designing the program involves: ➣ using the analysis of the issue to design strategies which can succeed in the local environment. ➣ developing roles with all the key people involved in the program. ➣ determining what resources are required to effectively conduct the program. ➣ Checking whether the designed program is realistic and achievable within the organizational context in which it will operate.

Plan step 2 Selecting the objectives and strategies Are the objectives “SMART”? Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant Time specific.

Reviewing available sources:  Human resources  Financial resources  Community Support Plan step 2

Plan step 3 Developing the action plan involves: ➣ Organizing the strategies into a sequence of tasks. ➣ constructing a time frame. ➣ developing a communication strategy.

IMPLEMENTATION

IMPLEMENTATION step 1 Ensuring quality implementation of the program involves: ➣ Ensuring the program manager or coordinator is clear about what needs to be achieved. ➣ Clarifying the roles, responsibilities and expectations of the project team and project manager or coordinator.

IMPLEMENTATION step 1 ➣ establishing monitoring systems to: provide information on the quality of the activities being implemented; and assist in the early identification of potential problems and opportunities. ➣ Contingency planning, as required.

IMPLEMENTATION 3 Effectively documenting and communicating the program’s progress involves: ➣ Recording significant features of the program’s progress as they occur. ➣ Communicating with the Local Health Service, stakeholders and the target group to keep them aware of the program’s progress and ensure continuing support.

E V A L U AT I O N

E V A L U AT I O N 1 Developing the evaluation plan involves: ➣ Clarifying the purpose of the evaluation. ➣ Selecting the scale and scope of the evaluation. ➣ Determining the methodology. ➣ Planning implementation of the evaluation.

E V A L U AT I O N 1 Developing the evaluation plan involves: ➣ Establishing protocols and quality control measures to ensure the evaluation produces valid and reliable results. ➣ Planning analysis of the data. ➣ Planning distribution of the evaluation findings.

Evaluation step 2 Assessing the program’s results involves: ➣ Measuring the results in relation to each objective and performance indicator. ➣ Analyzing the data for patterns, trends, consistencies and inconsistencies. ➣ interpreting the results to determine how they can be attributed to the program and/or to other factors.

39 Communicating the evaluation results and recommendations: ➣ Reporting the findings of the evaluation to stakeholders and other interested parties. ➣ Publishing results and conclusions in journals or presenting them at conferences. ➣ If appropriate, disseminating the results and conclusions to the public through the mass media, in newsletters Evaluation step 3

SUSTAINLABILITY

Examples of Programs in KSA 1-Prevention Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever. 2-Combating Drug Addiction. 3-Combating Tobacco Advertising and Promotion. 4-National Campaign Against Bird Flu (H5N1). 5-Seasonal Influenza Vaccination

Examples of Programs in KSA National Osteoporosis Awareness Campaign National Campaign for Lymphoma Awareness National Campaign for Breast Cancer Awareness National Campaign against Overweight and Obesity

References Program Management Guidelines for Health Promotion file:///F:/UQU/Environmental%20Health%20department/ProgMan _HP_planning_guideline.pdf file:///F:/UQU/Environmental%20Health%20department/ProgMan _HP_planning_guideline.pdf Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating Health Promotion Programs A Primer Sixth Edition James F. McKenzie, Ph.D., M.P.H., M.C.H.E.S. file:///F:/UQU/Environmental%20Health%20department/Planning, %20Implementing,%20&%20Evaluating%20Health%20Promotion%2 0Programs%20A%20Primer%20%20Edition%206%20(1).pdf file:///F:/UQU/Environmental%20Health%20department/Planning, %20Implementing,%20&%20Evaluating%20Health%20Promotion%2 0Programs%20A%20Primer%20%20Edition%206%20(1).pdf

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