Computer Hardware Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Computer Hardware Ruth Watson Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Objectives (1 of 2) Explain the difference between RAM and ROM Explain the difference between RAM and storage Explain what a motherboard is Explain what a processor does Explain the what RAID is Explain what a UPS is Demonstrate how to write-protect a disk Explain the difference between a partition and a disk Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Objectives (2 of 2) Explain the role of the boot.ini file Explain why binary math is important to computers Explain the difference between a modem and a network interface card Explain the difference between a parallel and serial connection Identify at least 4 different ports, by sight, on a computer Demonstrate how to clean a mouse Explain what a driver is Explain what an interrupt is Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Introduction Computers are made up of hardware and software The software tells the hardware what to do Computers receive input via the keyboard and mouse or other input devices Processing happens though the motherboard via ROM, RAM, and the processor The output comes through the monitor, printer, sound card, or more Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Important Terms to Understand EIDE Floppy disk Gigahertz Hard disk IDE IEEE IEEE 1394 Interrupt I/O IRQ ISA Master/slave Memory Microprocessor Modem Motherboard Network interface card Parity Partition PCI Plug and play Port RAM ROM SCSI Sector Virtual Memory Volume Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 What Is a Computer? Microprocessor Internal Memory Auxiliary Storage Input Units Output Units Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Any Computer System Memory Central processing unit Input Output (CPU) Disk Auxiliary Storage Output Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Internal Hardware Components CD-ROM CPU Expansion slots Floppy drive Hard disk Memory chip Motherboard Power supply Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Back of the Computer Cooling Fan Power Supply Keyboard Connector Mouse Connector Parallel Printer Port Video Connector Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Processor Brain of the computer Current chips for PC Intel (Celeron, Pentium III, and Pentium IV) AMD (K-6 and Athlon) Which do I buy? Pentium or Athlon for graphic-intensive programs K-6 or Celeron for business and Internet browsing Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Types of Disks Floppy Disk Most common is 1.44Mb LS-120 disk is 120Mb High Capacity Removable Storage Zip disks Jazz Disks CD-R CD-RW Hard (Fixed) Disk Most common are 2.0 GHz or higher Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Care of a Disk Disk can be damaged easily Power spikes can harm hard disks A UPS can help with power surges Floppy disks can be damaged when exposed to extreme heat or cold conditions Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Monitor Size and Resolution Monitors come in different sizes: 17,” 19,” and 21” Resolution is expressed in pixels 800 x 600 1024 x 768 The higher the resolution, the more you can see Larger monitors let you run at higher resolutions e.g., 19” to run 1024 x 768 comfortably A graphics card (video display adapter) speeds processing Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Formatting a Disk Formatting prepares a disk to accept data Formatting can also delete any data already stored on the disk Full format wipes everything out Quick format deletes pointers only, but data is overwritten later Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Multiple Drives Each storage device has its own drive letter C: is usually the first hard drive Partitioned hard drives also contain their own letters Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Partitions Partitioning means to slice up one hard drive into separate areas Installing one Office program would not affect the installing of another version on the second half Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Boot Options The boot file boot.ini is responsible for creating boot options for your OS The boot file gives you the option to go into different OS installed on either side of a partition Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Storage- Internal Memory (RAM) Temporary (erased when power is turned off) Measured in bytes 1 Byte = 1 character (8 bits) 1 Kilobyte = 210 (~1,000 bytes) 1 Megabyte = 220 (~1,000,000 bytes) 1 Gigabyte = 230 (~1,000,000,000 bytes) Need 512 MB of RAM Keep multiple programs & data files in memory Graphic-intensive programs demand a lot of memory ROM is read only memory that contains instructions burned in at the computer factory Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Data Transfer and Format Data travels along the computer bus via a series of pathways connects the hardware components to the processor The wider the pathway, the faster the data moves Data is transferred in the form of electronic signals represented by two states: 0 or 1 (off or on) ASCII code translates computer language into something we can understand Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Network Interface Cards and Modems A NIC card connects two or more computer together to share information and resources Connected to the back through a RF45 connector A modem connects the computer to the Internet A modem is connected to the back with a RJ11 connector Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Additional Components Ink Jet Printers B/W or color Smears Laser Printers Highest quality output Speakers Keyboard Mouse Trackball Scanner Joystick Pens Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Peripheral Devices- Drivers Most peripheral devices require a driver to operate Windows comes with many drivers for common mouse, keyboard, and other devices Most manufacturing Web sites have drivers available for download Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Peripheral Devices- Interrupts Interrupts (mouse clicks, keyboard taps, etc.) are handled by the processor Interrupts travel on IRQs (Interrupt Request Lines) Windows reserves IRQs for your devices Preview the Device Manager to see which ones are reserved Interrupt conflicts can cause your computer to lock up Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Installing Hardware Hardware can be upgraded Increase RAM Increase your Processor Add another drive Must understand your system to purchase the correct upgrades Add/Remove hardware components using Add/Remove Hardware Wizard Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Summary Sometimes you will want to open up your computer and to add upgraded hardware IT professionals must understand the role of the processor, what ROM does, the difference between RAM and storage space and how to partition your hard disk Newer computer systems do a better job handling interrupt conflicts Newer computer systems have more drivers to add upgrades Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Questions? Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6