LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS

“It takes a revolution…. to make a solution….” - Bob Marley WHAT WERE THE PROBLEMS?

Causes of Revolutions Enlightenment Ideas  writings of John Locke, Voltaire, & Jean Rousseau; Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine. Creole discontent at being left out of government jobs and trade concessions. Inspiration of American and French Revolutions. Preoccupation of Spain & Portugal in fighting the Napoleonic Wars.

SOCIAL HIERARCHY Peninsulares: Creoles: Native Spaniards People of pure European blood But born in the New World P C M & M I & A Mulattos: African + European blood Mestizos: Indian + European blood Indians and Africans CAUSES

Bolivar LEADERS

L’Ouverture LEADERS

LEADERS SANMARTIN

LEADERS MORELOS

LEADERS HIDALGO

TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE Lead revolution in Saint Domingue Ended slavery Began revolution that would free St. Domingue from French control Developed new nation - Haiti

SIMON BOLIVAR Military General * Elite Creole planter LEADERS SIMON BOLIVAR * Elite Creole planter Military General * Called the “George Washington of South America.” * Freed territories of modern day Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, & Bolivia * Plan for a federated Latin America was crushed by political in-fighting.

LEADERS JOSE DE SAN MARTIN * Creole officer who had trained in European armies. * Freed Argentina from Spanish control. * Met with Bolivar in Guayaquil in 1822. Bolivar favored democracy, San Martin favored monarchy. Turned over command. * Died in obscurity in Europe.

MIGUEL HIDALGO LEADERS * Highly educated Creole priest assigned to town of Dolores. September 16, 1810: El Grito de Dolores. Hidalgo rang the church bell and called on the members to take up arms against the Spanish. * Led a rag-tag army toward Mexico City, unleashing mass slaughter of peninsulares in path. * Never made it to the capital -- Captured and shot in 1811.

JOSE MORELOS * Established a congress which: *Mestizo Priest who took over from Hidalgo. * Much more successful general * Established a congress which: *Created a declaration of rights *Abolished slavery *Declared equality of classes *Captured and executed in December 1815

Dictatorship of the Council of the Indies and the Viceroys Dictatorship of the Caudillos Unequal trade relationship with Great Britain and the U.S. benefiting Unequal trade relationship with Spain benefiting Native Spaniards at the top of the social ladder, followed by creoles, and with the rest of the population at the bottom Creoles at the top of the ladder with the rest of the population at the bottom.

Miguel Hidalgo – unlikely revolutionary Father Miguel Hidalgo entered history on September 16, 1810, when he took to his pulpit in the small town of Dolores, Mexico, and declared that he was taking up arms against the Spanish…and that those present were welcome to join him. Thus began Mexico’s struggle for Independence from Spain, which Father Miguel would not live to see to fruition. Here are ten facts about the revolutionary priest who kicked off Mexico’s Independence. Born in 1753, Father Miguel was already in his mid-fifties when he issued his famous Cry of Dolores. He was by then a distinguished priest, well-versed in theology and religion and a pillar of the Dolores community. He certainly didn't fit the modern stereotype of a wild-eyed, young revolutionary angry at the world! Father Miguel was a far better revolutionary than priest. His promising academic career was derailed by his introduction of liberal ideas into his teaching curriculum and for misuse of money entrusted to him while teaching at the seminary. While a parish priest, he preached that there was no Hell. Use the passage above to answer the following questions: In what city did the Revolution start? ________________________________ Did Father Miguel live to see the Revolution become successful?___________ How old was Father Miguel when the Revolution started? A. 40s b. 50s c. 60s His liberal ideas made him better at being what? A. A Revolutionary b. A Priest Name 2 reasons why he was not a good priest. ____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ True or False He was a good member of the community before the Revolution.________________ He was always a great priest.____________________ He lived in Mexico but wanted to fight the Spanish. _______________ Father Miquel was a smart priest. _________________ Father Miguel was a typical revolutionary._______________________

SOCIAL HIERARCHY use your notes to fill in the pyramid below based on the social classes in Latin America before the Revolution P C M I A

Latin American Revolutionaries Poster Project/Presentation/ Q&A (5 points) Name of the Revolutionary as your TITLE (5 points) Picture of the Revolutionary (25 points) 5 Facts about the Revolutionary (use your notes and book for this information) (25 points) Why did you chose this person (use your notes and book…this is your personal opinion). (15 points) 3 other pictures that relate to this person (you decide what represents this person and add pictures) (5 points) YOUR NAME (10 points) CREATIVITY – how much work did you put into this project to make it good?? (100 points) You will do a presentation on this person in class on Friday! Be sure you have enough information on your poster to discuss and answer questions!! (10 points) QUESTIONS – come up with 5 questions about your revolutionary. After your presentation, you will give your questions to the class and they will answer the questions for a grade. You will grade them and submit them. Be ready!

Latin American Revolutionaries Poster Project: Example Miguel Hidalgo Creole Priest Not successful Raid on Mexico City Shot in 1811 Never made it to Mexico City By: Jane Doe & John Doe I/We like Miguel Hidalgo because ______________ _______________