15.4; The Church and Society; Brought to you by JAKE WELLS!!!

The Good: Provided order at a time when there was little Gave desperate people hope Maintained writing and some education Acted as hospitals, safe places, and helped the poor The Bad: Could excommunicate anybody Often went to war with kings over land/other issues Sometimes became corrupt and took advantage of uneducated masses The Ugly: Started a court where they tortured people Looked the other way when Jews were massacred Called on Knights and kings to attack the Holy Land; resulted in centuries of death– still an issue today

In Western Europe the Catholic Church played an important role in every day life Priest ran schools and hospitals Recorded births Helped perform weddings Conducted burials They were basically the gatekeepers to heaven

Between 1050 and 1150, a strong wave of religious feeling swept across Western Europe As a result, many religious orders and monasteries were founded Cistercians in 1098 Farmed, worshipped, and prayed Bernard of Clairvaux promoted the Second Crusade and helped the poor Women who didn’t marry or wanted to study joined convents as nuns Hildegard of Bingen- headed a convent in Germany and wrote music, which was rare for women to do at the time Friars went out into the world to teach and help others, unlike monks who stayed in monestaries Francis of Assisi- founded order of Fransiscans in 1209

Sacraments The most important sacrament is the holy Eucharist (Communion) Bread and wine represent the body and blood of Jesus If you don’t do all the seven sacraments you would not go to heaven People went to church several times a week to fulfill religious obligations

Saint Patrick To be a saint… You have to be dedicated to the church your whole life Complete the 7 sacraments Have to be dead for at least 5 years Have to perform a miracle after death

Saint Mary is the mother of Jesus Christ. She has many colleges and churches named after her Norte Dame, Saint Maries She was born in Israel She was married to saint Joseph

Heresy! The leaders of the church were afraid that church teachings were threatened The Pope made the Court of the Inquisition Torture methods were used to save souls Above: different torture methods being used on heretics. Below: Cone hats were put on accused heretics while they were questioned by church officials

Medieval painting from Germany showing Jews being boiled and burned in the afterlife Biggest scapegoats of human history When disease or economic problem hurt society people blamed the Jews Anti-Semitism- hatred of Jews Christian mobs killed thousands of Jews Governments made Jews wear special badges and clothing Jews also lost the right to own land; forced to move to Poland and other Eastern areas Reasons?

Strong nations leads to…? Trade Banking Business Wealth Awesome buildings and art Romanesque and Gothic styles of Churches Also known as Cathedrals Milan Cathedral is the cathedral church of Milan, Italy. Dedicated to Saint Mary Nascent, it is the seat of the Archbishop of Milan. The Gothic cathedral took nearly six centuries to complete. It is the fifth largest cathedral in the world and the largest in Italy.

“University” is Latin for guild Studied Grammar, Logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy No books (printing press invented in1400s) Study 4 to 6 years One oral exam at the end Doctor’s degrees available! In as little as 10 years, you could get a degree in: Law Medicine Theology Join Oxford University! Opening in Spring 1231! Still a functioning university today

So which is right- Science or Religion? Scholasticism teaches that using reason can prove religious beliefs Thomas Aquinas- blended Church teaching with Aristotle's reasoning, which had been a big no-no during the Middle Ages (gotta have faith!) Big question: Does God exist? Wrote about natural law How would this influence governments?

Latin was the language of educated people in Europe during the Middle Ages. Everyday languages of local people were called vernacular. Examples today? Vernacular literature began in the Middle Ages The Song of Roland is about a knight named Roland who fights against the Muslims. Troubadour poetry and the heroic epic, two types of vernacular literature, became popular in the educated class. Artwork showing an epic battle scene from Song of Roland; painted in 778. At that time, very few people could read, so artwork and word of mouth were the only way to tell stories to most people.

Would you lie to the church if you were being tortured? Who is the most famous Saint? What's the most important sacrament?