INDIA UNDER BRITISH RULE ► EUROPEAN PRESENCE ► A STRUGGLE FOR POWER BEGINS – EARLY 1700S  MUGHAL EMPIRE IN DECLINE  BRITISH AND FRENCH RISE TO POWER ► COMPETE FOR POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC POWER ► COMPETE TO TAP NEW SOURCES OF WEALTH  FIGHTING BREAKS OUT  BOTH FIND ALLIES AMONG INDIAN RULERS  1760S – BRITISH VICTORIOUS

BRITISH RULE ► INDIAN GRIEVEANCES BY 1850S  “SATI” OUTLAWED BY BRITISH  INDIAN PRINCES RESENT FOREIGN DOMINATION  HIGH TAXES ANGER FARMERS  CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES RESENTED BY HINDUS AND MUSLIMS  REPRESENTED A THREAT TO ENTIRE WAY OF LIFE/CULTURE. WHAT ARE THE 7 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE?

7 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE ► SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ► CUSTOMS & TRADITIONS ► LANGUAGE ► ARTS & LITERATURE ► RELIGION ► FORMS OF GOVERNMENT ► ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

► ACTION TAKEN: SEPOY REBELLION OF 1857  CAUSES ► GENERAL UNREST ► RUMORS THAT THEIR GUN CARTRIDGES WERE GREASED WITH BEEF OR PORK FAT  HINDUS BELIEVED COWS WERE SACRED  MUSLIMS FORBIDDEN TO TOUCH PORK ► NEW LAW: INDIANS REQUIRED TO FIGHT FOR BRITAIN IN FOREIGN LANDS  RESULTS ► BRITISH WON ► POLITICAL CHANGES  1858: INDIA BECAME A BRITISH COLONY COLONY  LEFT LASTING DISTRUST

EFFECTS OF BRITISH RULE ► ECONOMIC CHANGES  IMPROVED ROADS  BUILDING OF RAILROADS & TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS  INDIA BECAME A MARKET FOR BRITISH GOODS – PASSED LAWS LIMITING THE IMPORT OF INDIAN GOODS

SOCIAL CHANGES ► IMRPOVED HEALTHCARE/SANITATION ► INFLUX OF YOUNG INDIANS INTO THE CITIES ► ESTABLISHED SCHOOLS & COLLEGES TO EDUCATE HIGHER CASTES ► BRITISH-EDUCATED INDIAN MIDDLE CLASS EMERGES  LEARNED ENGLISH  LEARNED HISTORY  POLITICAL IDEALS: LIBERTY, FREEDOM, CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED  CONTRIBUTES TO NATIONALISM

INDIAN NATIONALISM ► INC: INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS  EST  CONSISTED OF MOSTLY URBAN HINDUS  1920 – GANDHI BECAME PRESIDENT ► MUSLIM LEAGUE  EST  LEADER – MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH  BELIEVED SUBCONTINENT SHOULD BE DIVIDED INTO 2 NATIONS – HINDU AND MUSLIM