1. British Take Over India
Mr. Divett

2. Collapse of the Mughal empire
The Mughal empire had ruled India for 200 years.
After they started to collapse Britain started to take interest in the region.

3. East India Company and Rebellion
The British East India Company won trading rights in the early 1600s.
By the mid 1800s they controlled three fifths of India.

4. East India Company

5. Exploiting Indian Diversity
The British took advantage of the diversity.
The disunified Indian people couldn’t not unite against the newcomers.
British used superior weapons to overpower local rulers.

6. Implementing British Policies
Profit was primary goal of EIC.
They also:
Improved roads
Preserved peace
Reduced banditry
By the early 1800s British officials introduced:
Western education
Legal procedures

7. Western Education

8. Implementing British Policies
Missionaries tried to convert Indians to Christianity.
The British press social change. They work to:
End slavery
End the caste system
Improve the position of women
Outlaw sati (ritual suicide by fire)

9. Sati

10. Growing Discontent In the 1850s the EIC made controversial moves:
Required sepoys in its service
Sometimes sepoys had to travel overseas which was against their religion
The British passed a law that allowed Hindu widows to remarry

11. Sepoy

12. New Rifles In 1857 sepoys were issued new rifles from the British.
Troops had to bite off the end of the cartridge before loading it into their rifle.
The cartridges were greased with:
Cow fat-sacred to Hindus
Pig fat-forbidden to Muslims
Those who refused were imprisoned.

13. New Rifles

15. Rebellion and Aftermath
Sepoys rose up against the British.
This started the Sepoy Rebellion.
They marched to Delhi and called the last Mughal ruler their leader.
Sepoys massacred British.
The British squashed the rebellion and took revenge.

16. Bahadur Shah Zafar

17. Sepoy Rebellion

18. Sepoy Rebellion

19. Sepoy Rebellion

20. Aftermath In 1858 Parliament ended EIC rule.
India became part of Great Britain.
Britain sent more troops to India at the expense of the Indians.

21. Impact of British Colonial Rule
After 1858 Parliament set up British Raj.
A British viceroy governed India under the queen.
The British held top positions.
Indians held the rest.
India was an important part of the British economy.
The British thought they were helping them modernize.

22. British Raj

23. An Unequal Partnership
The British build roads and railroads.
This was to carry resources, and also goods to sell.
The Suez Canal opened in 1869 and made trade explode.
The British had the advantage:
Cheap textiles ruined the market for things handwoven.
Nomadic herders became farmers.
Clearing farmland led to deforestation.

24. Indian Hand Weaving

25. Population Growth and Famine
British advances in medicine led to population growth.
Food was sold, not eaten.
Horrible famine swept India.

26. Famine

27. Benefits of British Rule
Brought peace.
Revised caste.
Technology.
National unity.
Good schools and training.
Good medicine.

28. British Rule

29. Different Views on Culture
Some educated Indians embraced Westernization. They:
Learned English
Adopted Western ways
Others only wanted their traditional Hindu and Muslim culture.

30. Indian Attitudes Ram Mohun Roy saw value in cooperation. He:
Knew Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, English, Greek and Latin.
Founded Hindu College in Calcutta- english style education
Wanted to reform Indian culture. He condemned:
Caste system, child marriage, sati, and purdah or women isolation in different quarters.
Is called founder of Indian nationalism.

31. Ram Mohun Roy

32. Western Attitudes Some British admired Indian theology, classic works.
Others shrugged off Indian culture.
“A single shelf of a good European library is worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia.” -Thomas Macaulay

33. Thomas Macaulay

34. Indian Nationalism
Some people thought that Western-educated Indians would support British power.
It had the opposite effect, they became nationalists.

35. Indian National Congress
In 1885, nationalist leaders organized the Indian National Congress, the Congress Party.
They believed in peaceful protest to gain rights.
They liked Westernization, but wanted greater democracy and self rule.

36. INC Flag

37. Muslim League
Muslims and Hindus once worked together but then Muslims grew to resent Hindu domination of the Congress Party.
In 1906 the Muslim League was formed.
They wanted a separate Muslim state.

38. Muslim League