Ch 5 The Cardiovascular System

Overview  Heart:cardi/o> Pumps blood into the arteries.  Arteries: arteri/o> Transports blood away to all body parts (thick).  Capillaries: capill/o> Exchanges nutrients and waste products with cells.  Veins: phleb/o, ven/o> Returns blood to the heart (thin).  Blood: hem/o, hemat/o> Brings oxygen and nutrients to all cells and carries away waste. Plays several important roles in the immune and endocrine systems.

Review Heart Pathway

Arrhythmias:  Cardiac arrhythmia- is an irregularity or the loss of normal rhythm of the heartbeat.  Bradycardia- is an abnormally slow heartbeat (less than 60 beats per minute).  Palpitation- is a pounding of a racing heart with or without irregularity in rhythm. This is associated with certain heart disorders or a panic attack.  Tachycardia- is an abnormal fast heartbeat (greater than 100 beats per minute).

Cholesterol  Cholesterol- consists of lipids (fatty substances) that travel in the blood in packages called lipoproteins.  Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)- bad cholesterol that when in excess clogs the arteries. Your number should be less than 200.  High-density lipoproteins- good cholesterol because it carries unneeded cholesterol back to the liver for processing and does not contribute to plaque build up. Your number should be more than 35.  Triglycerides- are combinations of fatty acids attached to glycerol that are also found normally in the blood in limited quantities. Your number should be less than 110.  Hyperlipidemia- is a general term for elevated plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins. The levels of each of these substances can be measured by a blood test.

Blood Types As Donors and Recipients:

Ch 5  aort/o aorta  ary pertaining to  ateri/o artery  brady- slow  cardi/o- heart  emia- blood, blood condition  erythr/o red  phleb/o vein  super, supra above, upper, excessive  thromb/o clot

Terms  Anemia> a disorder characterized by lower than normal levels of red blood cells in the blood  Aorta> the main trunk of the arterial system and begins from the left ventricle of the heart  Arterioles> the smaller thinner branches of the arteries, carries blood to the capillaries  Cardiologist> A specialist in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the heart  Coronary Artery Disease> atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that may cause a heart attack  Erythrocytes> red blood cells  Bradycardia> an abnormally slow heartbeat  Phlebitis> inflammation of veins  Superior vena cava> brings blood from the upper portion of the body  Thrombosis> an abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops within a blood vessel