Heart and Lungs

Cardiovascular System (Heart) Delivers essential materials to body cells and removes waste materials from the cells. Also known as the circulatory system. Pulmonary System (Lungs) The system that consists of the organs that provide the body with a continuous supply of oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide.

What does the Circulatory System transport? Hormones: From the glands help to regulate the body’s function Oxygen: From the lungs is combined with nutrients to make energy Nutrients: From the digestive system provides food for the cells Immune Cells: Provide protection from infection and disease Waste: Byproducts of energy making must be removed by liver and kidneys Carbon Dioxide: Waste gas that is removed by the lungs

Parts of the Circulatory System Heart: Pumps blood throughout the body Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart Veins: Carry blood to the heart Capillaries: Bring blood to the cells from arteries / exchange gasses, nutrients, and waste / take blood to the veins

The Heart Aorta Superior Vena Cava Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Inferior Vena Cava

The Heart

The Blood The blood has 4 main components: Plasma: Liquid part of the blood, makes up about 92 % of blood Transports blood cells, nutrients, hormones and other materials Red Blood Cells: Carry oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide away White Blood Cells: Fight off disease and infection by attacking bacteria and viruses that enter the body Platelets: Help the blood clot which seals cuts and prevents blood loss from a wound

Let’s Review!!! In your notes write a test question (multiple choice, fill in the blank, short answer) based on the information we have learned so far about the circulatory system

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Problem Description Treatment / Prevention Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Having a higher than normal blood pressure (110 / 70) for a long time. Can lead to heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure. Reduce stress / change in diet to reduce salt, fat, and cholesterol / Medication Stroke Lack of blood flow to a part of brain caused by a clot or blocked blood vessel. Will cause death of brain cells if clot stays in place Same as hypertension Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Lack of blood flow to a part of the heart caused by a clot or blocked blood vessel. Will cause death of cardiac muscle and can cause heart to stop. Arteriosclerosis A hardening of the artery wall caused by a diet high in fat and cholesterol

Medication / Radiation Transfusion of blood-clotting factors Anemia Lack of red blood cells or red blood cells that do not carry enough oxygen. Causes low energy levels and weakness. Iron supplements Mononucleosis Viral infection causing a soar throat, swollen glands, and extreme fatigue Bed rest Leukemia Cancer of the blood or bone marrow. The body produces large amounts of abnormal white blood cells Medication / Radiation Hemophilia The blood does not clot properly resulting in excessive sometimes unstoppable bleeding. Transfusion of blood-clotting factors

Mouth and Nose trap dirt and clean the air. Throat: has 2 passages, one for food and one for air Trachea: Wind pipe, takes air to the lungs Epiglottis: covers trachea when swallowing Larynx: contains vocal cords Lungs: Exchange blood gasses Bronchi: connect trachea to lungs Diaphragm: Large muscle that controls breathing

Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein Bronchiole Alveoli Capillary

Caused by a virus: cough, runny nose, fever, aches Rest and fluids Common Cold Caused by a virus: cough, runny nose, fever, aches Rest and fluids Tuberculosis Bacterial lung infection: dry cough and chest pain Antibiotics Allergies Immune response to dust, animals, pollen, or other irritant. Sneezing, itchy eyes, runny nose Antihistamines Pneumonia Lung infection: fever, chest pain, difficulty breathing Bronchitis Swelling of the bronchi: cough, fever, chest tightness Rest Asthma Swelling of the bronchi: wheezing, shortness of breath Inhaler to reduce swelling Emphysema Destroyed alveoli: difficulty breathing, often fatal Oxygen mask to help breathing Lung Caner Destroyed alveoli: often caused by smoking Surgery / transplant, Radiation, Chemotherapy