1. Human Anatomy & Physiology CIRCULATORY & RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

2. Primary Function Transport nutrients and waste products through body
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3. Circulatory System Anatomy
Two Systems:
Pulmonary
Heart & Lungs
Systemic
Heart & rest of Body
Lungs
Components:
-Heart
-Blood vessels
-Blood

4. The Heart Anatomy: -Myocardium -R&L Atria -R&L Ventricles -Valves
Tricuspid
Mitral
-Pacemaker
Click heart to watch heart movement animation (30 sec). For a real heart pumping while under surgery, see:
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5. Heart Blood Circulation
Blood always enters heart through atria
Blood always leaves heart through ventricles
Blood flows INTO the heart atria and OUT of the heart through the ventricles.

6. Pulmonary & Systemic Circulation
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7. Blood Vessels
Blood flows away FROM the heart in arteries to cells, where nutrients and wastes are exchanged back to heart in veins
Arteries – carry blood AWAY from
the heart
large thick-walled flexible tubes (Aorta)
Veins – carry blood TOWARDS the heart
thinner-walled tubes with valves
Capillaries – carry blood from arteries to veins, allow exchange of materials at cells
Microscopic at every cell to allow exchange of material

8. Blood Pressure
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9. Circulatory Diseases Atherosclerosis
Fat build-up (plaque) on inner walls of arteries
Can lead to stroke, heart attack
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Abnormally high blood pressure (greater than 140/90, normal = 120/80)
Greater chance of heart attack, stroke
Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Heart cells die due to lack of oxygen
Stroke
Plaque breaks free from inner arterial wall and blocks circulation

10. Blood Functions: Components: Supply oxygen & nutrients to cells
Remove carbon dioxide and waste products from cells
Carry white blood cells to areas of infection
Carry hormones to target organs
Maintain blood homeostasis (pH, chemical)
Maintain body temperature
Carry platelets to aid in clotting
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Components:
Plasma (55%) water, sugars, proteins, salts
Red blood cells “erythrocytes” (45%) deliver O2, remove CO2 -hemoglobin
White blood cells “leukocytes” (1%)
Disease-fighters
Platelets “thrombocytes” (1%) blood clotting
RBC – no nuclei
WBC – nuclei
Platelets-
“pieces”

11. Lymphatic System Functions: Anatomy:
Returns fluid leaked from cells (lymph) into surrounding tissues back into circulatory system
Filters out bacteria, unwanted chemicals from lymph
Absorb nutrients to return to neighboring cells
Anatomy:
Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Tonsils

12. Respiratory System Primary Function:
Bring about the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood, the air and tissues

13. Respiratory System Anatomy
Follow the pathway of an air molecule:
-Nasal cavity AND/OR Mouth
-Pharynx
-Epiglottis
-Larynx
-Trachea
-Lung
-Bronchus
-Bronchiole
-Alveolus
Tiny capillaries surround each alveolus to allow O2 absorption into the capillaries while releasing CO2 from the capillaries into the alveolus.

14. “Protection”

16. Gas Exchange
Carbon dioxide and oxygen gasses are exchanged at the alveolus and capillary.

17. Breathing Breathing is the movement of air into and out of the lungs
Inhalation = breathing in
Exhalation= breathing out
Partial conscious control
*Autonomic control*

18. Respiratory Problems
Emphysema – loss of elasticity in the lungs making it very difficult to breathe
Cannot get enough O2 to body
Cannot get rid of enough CO2
Caused by smoking
Caused by air pollution
Asthma – tightness in chest & difficulty
breathing (often caused by allergies)
Bronchitis - inflammation of mucus
membrane of bronchi
Cystic Fibrosis - mucus membrane produces thick substance clogging airways (genetic)
Pneumonia – Inflammation of the lungs (bacterial or viral)
Tuberculosis – Inflammation of the lungs (infectious, bacterial)
Healthy lungs Smoker’s lungs