Chapter 27 Sections 1 & 2 Chapter 37 Section 1

 Over 1 million different kinds of animal species  Common features  Heterotrophy  Mobility  Multicellularity  Diploidy  Sexual Reproduction

 Animals are heterotrophs  They can not make their own food  Most animals move from place to place looking for food  Once food is located it is eaten and digested by the body

 Animals can perform rapid, complex movements  They move by muscle cells that contract

MULTICELLARITY DIPLOIDY  Animals have multiple cells  Examples: Skin cells, hair cells, muscle cells, kidney cells  Adult animals have two copies of each chromosome  One set from the father and one from the mother

 Almost all animals reproduce sexually by producing gametes (sex cells)  Female eggs are much larger than male sperm

 Refers to an animals body shape  Asymmetrical – irregular in shape  Radial symmetry – have body parts arranged around a central axis  Bilateral symmetry – body design in which there are distinct right and left halves

 Digestion  Food is broken down  Respiration  Animals breathe (lungs, gills)  Circulation  Blood is moved throughout the body  Nerve Impulses  Messages are carried throughout the body  Support  Framework for the animal  Excretion  Waste removal

 Sexual  New individual is formed from the union of male and female sex cells  Asexual  Does not involve the fusion of sex cells

Organism Organ System OrganTissueCell

 Many different kinds of cells in the body  Skin, muscle, hair, cardiac (heart), etc  Stem Cells  Cells that have the potential to develop into any type of cell  Research is being done to use stem cells to repair damaged tissue

 A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.  Epithelial  Lines the body  Nervous  Carries information throughout body  Connective  Supports, protects, insulates body  Muscle  Responsible for movement

 Two or more types of tissues working together to perform a specific function  Circulatory – transports nutrients, wastes, etc  Digestive – breaks down food  Endocrine – regulates body  Excretory – removes wastes  Immune – fights disease  Integumentary – (skin) – protects body  Muscular - movement  Nervous – controls and regulates body  Reproductive – produces offspring  Respiratory – moves air  Skeletal – protects and supports body

 Cranial – holds the brain  Thoracic – upper chest (lungs, heart, protected by rib cage)  Spinal – down center of back, holds spinal cord and nerves  Abdominal – digestive organs (stomach, gall bladder, liver, pancreas)

 Humans are endotherms, like all mammals.  Humans maintain a constant body temperature of 37ºC (98.6ºF)  The human body uses a great deal of energy to maintain a constant body temperature.