WIRELESS INTERNET WAP Wireless Application Protocol - WWW programming model - Wireless Markup Language - browser suited for mobile terminal - lightweight communications protocol stack - framework for wireless telephony applications

WML WMLScript Wireless Application Environment Wireless Session Protocol Wireless Transaction Protocol UDP IP Wireless Transport Layer Security Wireless Datagram Protocol GSMD-AMPSIS-953GBluetooth

WAP is a lightweight communications stack that is designed to minimize the required bandwidth and maximize the number of wireless network types that can deliver WAP content

WML and WMLScript Designed for mobile devices - small displays - navigation with a single control or one hand - content is scalable from lines of text to graphic screen

WML documents are sub-divided into small units of user interaction called cards Users navigate by moving back and forwards between cards A card specifies one or more units of interaction, a menu, a screen of text or a text entry field

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Many mobile phones and a significant number of mobile service providers support GPRS This permits data to be sent at relatively high data rates (up to kbps) across mobile telephone networks

Data is sent, as needed, as a packet without the need for modem support or a remote connection to be acquired

GPRS permits communications between a mobile device and any other location Therefore, mobile-Internet is a likely use for this technology Users can have their GPRS-enabled devices activated (access to service, allocation of IP address) and use the service providers gateway to the Internet

How does it work? Data is organised into packets that are switched through the service provider’s network The link between mobile device and network is used only when sending or receiving data – this uses the available radio network in an efficient manner

How does it work? Large numbers of GPRS users can be accommodated and share the bandwidth of a single cell because no single device has a dedicated channel Many GPRS providers will be able to support normal mobile communications with GPRS data occurring at the same time without having to increase cell capacity

How does it work? Since it is an IP-based service, any Internet application may be ported to the mobile device (if the device has the ability or capacity) – WWW, Telnet, FTP, SMTP, chat, etc

How does it work? To gain the highest data transfer rate, a single mobile device would have to take over all available transmission time slots In most situations, mobile devices will only be able to use a smaller number of the available timeslots

How does it work? GPRS uses the GMSK modulation technique Higher data rates will only be available when new techniques for modulation (eg 8 PSK)

How does it work? Since packets are sent in much the same connection-less method as IP packets, GPRS will not be suited to high-quality video

GPRS Applications ChatCorporate Text informationInternet Still imagesVehicle Location Moving imagesRemote LAN access WWWFile transfer Document sharingHome automation Audio Job dispatch

GPRS and WAP GPRS could carry WAP traffic and avoid one of the limiting factors of current WAP implementations

I-mode NTT DoCoMo The maximum speed for i-mode download is 28.8 kbit/sec for top range models, and 9.6 kbit/sec for standard handset models for 2G i- mode services and on the order of 200 kbit/sec for FOMA (3G) services.

9.6 kbit/sec is approx. 6 times slower than a 64 kbit/sec ISDN connection, but is sufficient for simple imode data. Of course this speed makes it impossible to download live movies through imode.

imode on FOMA (3G) is much quicker: 384 kbit/sec download (typically 200 kbit/sec) and 64 kbit/sec upload in best conditions and therefore allows video-telephony.