1. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 1 Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite

2. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 2 Introduction Layered protocol architecture TCP/IP protocol suite OSI reference model Internetworking

3. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 3 The Need for a Protocol Architecture Procedures to exchange data between devices can be complex High degree of cooperation required between communicating systems

4. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 4 Example: File transfer Requires a data path to exist Tasks: –Activate data communication path –Source determines that destination is ready –File transfer app destination file management app is ready store file for user –File format conversion

5. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 5 Layered Protocol Architecture modules arranged in a vertical stack Each layer in stack: –Performs related functions –Relies on lower layer for more primitive functions –Provides services to next higher layer –Communicates with corresponding peer layer of neighboring system using a protocol

6. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 6 Key Features of a Protocol Set of rules or conventions to exchange blocks of formatted data Syntax: data format Semantics: control information (coordination, error handling) Timing: speed matching, sequencing

7. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 7 TCP/IP Layers Physical Network access Internet Transport Application

8. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 8 TCP and UDP TCP: –connection-oriented –Reliable packet delivery in sequence UDP: – connectionless (datagram) –Unreliable packet delivery –Packets may arrive out of sequence or duplicated

9. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 9 Figure 2.1

10. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 10 Figure 2.2

11. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 11 Operation of TCP and IP IP implemented in end systems and routers, relaying data between hosts TCP implemented only in end systems, assuring reliable delivery of blocks of data Each host on subnetwork has unique IP address Each process on each process has unique IP port number

12. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 12 Figure 2-3

13. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 13 Figure 2-4

14. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 14 TCP Applications SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol FTP: File Transfer Protocol telnet: remote login

15. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 15 OSI Reference Model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link physical

16. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 16 Figure 2.5

17. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 17 Internetworking Terms Communication network Internet Intranet Subnetwork End system Intermediate system Bridge Router

18. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 18 Routers Provide link between networks Accommodate network differences: –Addressing schemes –Maximum packet sizes –Hardware and software interfaces –Network reliability

19. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 19 Figure 2-7

20. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 20 Figure 2-8

21. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 21 Figure 2-9

22. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 22 Figure 2-10