Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) OSHAcademy Course 706 Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)

Frederick Obeng-Yobo Safety Engineer GRIDCo Frederick.yobo@gridcogh.com

Goals Given the information and exercises in this workshop, you will be able to: Explain to others why JHAs are important Describe the five-step JHA procedure Conduct a simple JHA

Introductions! Ground rules Getting around Form teams

What is a Job Hazard Analysis? Is the employer required to conduct a JHA? Why is the JHA important?

A job is a task: Something you do!

Step 1 - Prepare to conduct the JHA Conduct a job review Review accident history Involve employees Why involve employees in the JHA?

List Hazardous Tasks

What tasks are appropriate for a job hazard analysis? Priority should go to the following types of jobs: Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates Jobs with the potential to cause severe or disabling injuries or illness, even if there is no history of previous accidents Jobs in which one simple human error could lead to a severe accident or injury Jobs that are new to your operation or have undergone changes in processes and procedures Jobs complex enough to require written instructions

Exercise 1: Discuss the various tasks where you work Exercise 1: Discuss the various tasks where you work. Make a list of six tasks on the Exercise Worksheet.

Prioritize Hazardous Tasks Determine which tasks that are: most likely going to cause injury or illness going to cause the most severe injury or illness Analyze the "Worst First"

Probability x Severity = Risk Conduct a risk analysis to help prioritize jobs Probability x Severity = Risk

Risk is a function of Probability, and Severity What is the probability? What is the severity?

Factors that increase risk The number of employees exposed The frequency and duration of exposure The proximity of employees to the point of danger Potential severity of the injury or illness Unreasonable workload Working under stress

The Risk Assessment Matrix

To determine the Risk, Crunch the Numbers

Rating _____ Probability The likelihood of injury or illness. Rating Is the most likely and expected result if employee enters danger zone. 10 Is quite possible, would not be unusual, has an even 50/50 chanc e. 6 Would be unusual sequence or coincidence 3 Would be remotely possible coincidence. It has been known to have happened 1 Extremely remote but conceivably possible. Has never happened after many years of exposure. .5 Practically impossible sequence or coincidence. A “one in a million” possibility. Has never happened in spite of exposure over many years. .1 Rating _____

Rating ______ Severity The most likely result - degree of Severity of Consequences Rating Major Catastrophe: Numerous fatalities; extensive damage (over $1M); major disruption 100 Several fatalities; damage $500K to $1M 50 Fatality; damage $100K to $500K 30 Extremely serious injury; (amputation, permanent disability); damage $1,000 to $100,000 20 Disabling injuries; damage up to $1,000 10 Minor cuts, bruises, bumps; minor damage 1 Rating ______

Exercise 2: Determine the risk scores for three tasks from Exercise 1.

Action! Step Two - Break the job down into a series of steps What is a step? Each step describes an ____________________ Action!

Tips on conducting a JHA Be sure to record enough information Avoid making the breakdown of steps too detailed Get input from other workers Review the job steps with the employee Point out that you are evaluating the job itself, not the employee’s job performance Include the employee in all phases of the analysis Photograph or videotape the worker performing the job

Exercise 3: Using the JHA Worksheet, discuss and develop steps for one of the jobs listed in the workbook. You can choose another job if you want.

Condition Step Three - Describe the hazards in each step Hazards and Exposure A hazard is an unsafe ______________ that could cause injury or illness to an employee. Condition

Danger Zone What is exposure? Exposure usually refers to an employee's placement relative to the hazard’s _______________________ If the employee is within the danger zone, the employee is exposed. Danger Zone

Don't forget to look for potential hazards Is there danger of striking against, being struck by, or otherwise making harmful contact with an object? Can the worker be caught in, by, or between objects? Is there potential for a slip or trip? Can the employee fall from one level to another or even on the same level? Can pushing, pulling, lifting, lowering, bending, or twisting cause strain?

Is the work environment hazardous to safety or health? Are there concentrations of toxic gas, vapor, fumes, or dust? Are there potential exposures to heat, cold, noise, or ionizing radiation? Are there flammable, explosive, or electrical hazards?

Common Hazards and Descriptions Chemical Explosion Electrical Ergonomics Excavation Fall Fire/Heat Mechanical Noise Radiation Struck by Struck against Temperature Visibility Weather

What kind of hazards do we have in this procedure? What kind of accident may happen?

Exercise 4: Using the JHA form, list the hazards and possible accidents that might result in each step in your JHA.

Step Four - Develop Preventive Measures How do I correct or prevent hazards? Engineering Controls Management Controls Personal Protective Equipment Temporary measures

Exercise 5: Using the JHA form, identify and list preventive measures in each step of the task.

Step Five - Write the Safe Job Procedure Points to remember Write in a step-by-step format Paint a word picture - concrete vs. abstract Write the narrative in the first person Write in the present tense Write as clearly as possible - use not utilize Remind the worker why it’s important Include notes, cautions, warnings Write at 8th grade level

Example SJP: Pounding a nail into a piece of wood.

EXERCISE 6: Using the worksheet below, write a safe job procedure for your team’s task. Evaluate the SJP using the criteria discussed on the previous page.

Reviewing the JHA Periodically reviewing your job hazard analysis ensures that it remains current and continues to help reduce workplace accidents and injuries. Even if the job has not changed, it is possible that during the review process you will identify hazards that were not identified in the initial analysis.

Reviewing the JHA Review your job hazard analysis if an illness or injury occurs on a specific job. Any time you revise a job hazard analysis, it is important to train all employees affected by the changes in the new job methods, procedures, or protective measures adopted.

Use the JHA as a lesson plan To get more value out of the JHA program, consider using the completed JHA as a lesson plan when training new employees. Doing so helps guarantee safe job procedures are taught from the start.

Get employees involved Its' so important to involve employees in developing JHAs to increase ownership. Employees use their own procedures when not being directly supervised. Doesn't it make sense to involve employees in developing safe job procedures so that when they are not being supervised, they'll use them!

Before you run… let’s review!

That's it! Be safe! See you next time!