Federal Aviation Administration By: Dennis Mills, AFS-220 FAA Flight Standards Air Carrier Operations - New Technology OSWG First Quarter 2011 Date: January 19, 2011 ADS-B Operational Approvals (now and in the future)

2 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Overview What ADS-B is and isn’t Current OpSpec Future OpSpecs Current Applications Future Applications Ops Approval Process International Harmonization Part 129 Considerations

3 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B ADS-B vs ADS-C Communications Contract between the Operators & A/C and the controller Data link info transmitted automatically from A/C to Controller – not Pilot Part of Fans 1/A data link/ CPDLC equipage Not Transponder based Surveillance application which transmits and receives such things as position, track G/S etc by data link at specific intervals Data delivered air to air, ground to air and ground to ground ADS-Broadcast (ADS-B) is an extended squitter message using a transponder protocol ADS-B : Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast ADS-C : Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract

4 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Introduction to ADS-B A utomatic –Periodically transmits information with no pilot or operator input required D ependent –Position and velocity vector are derived from the Global Positioning System (GPS) S urveillance - –A method of determining position of aircraft, vehicles, or other assets B roadcast –Transmitted information available to anyone with the appropriate receiving equipment

5 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Why ADS-B? Air-to-Air Improved Separation Standards Improved Low-Visibility Approaches Enhanced See and Avoid Enhanced Operations for En Route Air-to-Air Ground-to-Ground Improved Navigation on Taxiways Enhanced Controller Management of Surface Traffic Air-to-Ground Surveillance Coverage in Radar / Non-Radar Airspace Ground-to-Air & Self-Contained Weather and SSR Traffic to the Cockpit

6 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B ADS-B OUT NAS Ops Approval? Not Required by the new Rule Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part §91.225, Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS B) OUT equipment and use §91.227, Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS B) OUT equipment performance requirements No Specialized Training Requirements for Operators, aircrew or dispatchers Necessary hardware must be installed by TC/STC Crew cannot monitor output – either it is on or off (Will be notified by ATC most likely?)

7 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B AC 90-ADS-B (Spring 2011) Operational Approval is required only for certain ADS-B applications: Federal Aviation Administration 1.ADS-B OUT – Canadian Controlled Airspace - NRA ADS-B OUT – Off-shore Routes ADS-B IN – In Trail Procedures - ITP Numerous Future applications: Interval Management (IM), SURF, ATSA… …and many more in development

8 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Inspector Guidance/OpSpec Requirements? Available information for the applicant if desired Under construction and nearly ready-Spring 2011 Vetted at OpSpec Working Group (OSWG) ADS-B OUT applications U.S. NAS – Presently no intent to require a formal authorization. More of a compliance requirement with Certification Standards and Continuing Airworthiness requirements like other avionic equipment. Non-Rule Airspace such as Gomex and possibly the WATRS area will require OpSpec due to specific Operational advantages and reduced separation without radar (NRA) Canadian Controlled Airspace

9 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Inspector Guidance/OpSpec Requirements (con’t) ADS-B IN applications - Require future Ops approval No rule in place to lay out the requirement for Operators Applications will require specific training, aircraft equipment and ICA requirements There will be operational benefit and thus additional requirements if Operator chooses to equip. Voluntary but highly likely to derive operational/cost benefit Meets expectation of “Best equipped, Best served”

10 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Advisory Circulars – One means of compliance –AC Airworthiness Approval of Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) Out Systems, 5/21/2010, as amended –AC90-ADSB Operational approval of ADS-B, Spring 2011 Inspector Guidance – , Inspector Handbook –Developed in conjunction with AC 90 AIM/AIP –General pilot information and guidance Standards and Guidance

11 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B OpSpec/MSpec/LOA A353 Authorization Approval Process Certificate Holder / Operator completes application package and submits to local FAA field office POI reviews application for compliance with regulatory requirements Local FAA field office forwards application package to HQ through their Regional Office 220 NextGen Branch. HQ evaluates package-if acceptable Concurrence Memo HQ has quick turn around process POI issues the OpSpec

12 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B WebOPSS Job Aid designed to assist POI with adding an ADS-B OUT/IN authorization(s) in WebOPSS for a specific aircraft or aircraft fleet type operated under FAR Part 91, 91K, 121, 125, 125M, or 135. ADS-B Authorization WebOPSS Job Aid

13 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B ADS-B Operation Approval Canadian Controlled Airspace Application Package Checklist

14 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B A353: “ADS-B Out Operations in the Hudson Bay Area, Canada” Applicable to Parts 91, 91K, 121, 125, 125M, and 135 Only addresses Hudson Bay airspace FL350 – FL400 Regulatory EASA AMC Transport Canada AC NAVCANADA AIC 21/09 Current OpSpec

15 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Created at the request of Transport Canada Cites Canadian and EASA requirements Canada’s Requirement is an ADS-B OUT approval OpSpec is NOT required unless U.S. operator wants to utilize Canadian Controlled ADS-B Special Airspace A353 OpsSpec - Hudson Bay (Canadian Controlled Air Space)

16 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Working Forward Current form A353 will qualify operator for all of Canadian Controlled ADS-B Airspace Operator MUST provide 24-bit address to NAVCANADA to utilize services Current ADS-B coverage in Canadian Controlled Airspace (CCA) displayed on next slide

17 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B

18 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Applicant Issues A353 – H. Bay Operational: –Misunderstanding/confusion between ADS-B & ADS-C. –Flight manuals must address system configuration & control (e.g. if you turn off transponder, you also disable ADS-B and TCAS) –Loss of capability; Emergency Codes –AFM compliance statement Training: –ADS-B phraseology –Specific training for Dispatch, Pilots and Maintenance personnel

19 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Applicant Issues A353 - H. Bay Maintenance: –Establishment of periodic checks/inspections for the installed system –Procedures for checking ADS-B message elements during initial/periodic inspection Dispatch: –Contingency procedures must be addressed in operations manuals (loss of ADS-B, position source disparity )...getting better with every application

20 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B New OpSpec: “ADS-B Operations” Will still remain A353 New Title: “ADS-B Operations” Part 1 - Expanding Canadian ADS-B Airspace Part 2 - ADS-B IN Operations - In-Trail Procedures (ITP), Interval Management (IM), and more Will allow for future ADS-B applications within the U.S. Future developments Will be “user friendly” for the POI’s Forecasted publication date: Spring 2011

21 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B ADS-B IN - applications Active development In Trail Procedures (ITP)

22 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B OPPORTUNITIES = CHALLENGENEED  Altitude Changes required for better fuel economy, winds, and ride quality  The combination of locally dense traffic and large separation minima limits altitude changes  Use airborne ADS-B applications to enable altitude changes otherwise blocked by conventional operations FL360 FL340 FL350 Desired Altitude Standard Separation Motivation for ADS-B ITP

23 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B ADS-B In-Trail Procedures (ITP) - ADS-B enabled climbs and descents through altitudes where current non-ADS-B separation standards would prevent desirable altitude changes ADS-B ITP FL360 FL340 FL350 Desired Altitude Standard Separation ADS-B Transceiver and Onboard Decision Support System ADS-B Out (required) No ADS-B capabilities required ITP Separation Standard ADS-B ITP  ADS-B separation standard based on exchange of ADS-B data between the reference aircraft and the ITP aircraft  Controller separates aircraft using information derived from cockpit sources and relayed by the flight crew to the controller  No airborne monitoring during climb required

24 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Developing Applications: Interval Management (IM)

25 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B What is Interval Management Precise management of intervals between aircraft whose trajectories are common or merging Two major components –Ground-based Interval Management (GIM) –Flight deck-based interval Management (FIM) Two separation responsibility paradigms –Spacing (-S) –Delegated Separation (-DS) FIM-S is the FAA’s CURRENT FOCAL POINTS

26 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Service Availability Prediction Tool (SAPT) - under construction Pre-flight check to determine if system can support performance requirements Baseline NAC 8/NIC 7 can be met with TSO C145/146 equipment in all Domains When system will not meet performance of C145/146 avionics, ATC will issue NOTAM to waive ADS-B requirement OR Alter route, alter departure time, request waiver (Refer to Draft A guidance – Section 1 for detailed explanation of SAPT)

27 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Future Applications

28 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B International Harmonization International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Aeronautical Surveillance Panel (ASP) Separation and Airspace Safety Panel (SASP) Eurocontrol CASCADE: ADS-B is main focus of CASCADE, standardization, trials and implementation activities are being funded, and it is the largest EUROCONTROL partner in terms of budget and staff Requirements Focus Group (RFG) Joint RTCA / EUROCAE Working Group Recurring Coordination Meetings Transport Canada Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) of Australia Eurocontrol / EASA

29 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B What Part 129 and DOT 375 AOC Certificate Holders need to know about ADS-B Operations ?

30 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B "An operator shall ensure that all pilots are familiar with the laws, regulations, and procedures, pertinent to the performance of their duties, prescribed for the areas to be traversed, the aerodromes to be used, and the air navigation facilities relating thereto. The operator shall ensure that other members of the flight crew are familiar with such of these laws, regulations, and procedures as are pertinent to the performance of their respective duties in the operation of the aeroplane." ICAO Annex 6, Part 1, number 3.1.2:

31 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Must meet specific equipment and performance requirements after January 1, The requirement to conduct operations within Class A airspace is unique and harmonized for operations by foreign operators. This includes: 1)The ADS-B equipment meet requirements of TSO-C166b (as amended), Extended Squitter ADS-B and Traffic Information Service–Broadcast (TIS-B) Equipment Operating on the Radio Frequency of 1090 Megahertz (MHz). 2) Meet the equipment performance requirements of 14 CFR Part § Part 129 Operators must

32 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B DOT-375 Approvals – Navigation of Foreign civil aircraft within the United States. Part 375 approvals are granted by DOT subject to: 1.All applicable requirements of 14 CFR Part 375; 2.All applicable requirements of the FAA – CFR’s and all applicable orders; 3.All applicable ICAO Standards Annexes: Annex 1, personnel Licensing; Annex 6 part 1, Operations of Aircraft; Annex 8, and Airworthiness of Aircraft; 4.All applicable U.S. Government requirements concerning security.

33 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Future ADS-B IN applications FAR Part 129/US Operators should anticipate requirement of an OpSpec/LOA to conduct ADS-B IN operations within the NAS. DOT 375 AOC holders will comply with the notification procedures established by the DOT.

34 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Contact Information Dennis Mills, AFS-220 Flight Standards Air Transport Division Phone: Backup – Ricky Chitwood Flight Standards Air Transport Division Phone:

35 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Questions

36 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B ITP Agreements UAL Agreement –FAA and United Airlines (SOPAC operator) plus avionics vendor(s) selected by United –Equip a portion of UAL fleet with certified ITP systems –Gather data on use of systems in SOPAC for a year starting in 2011 –UAL responsible for installing equipment and conducting flight evaluation Honeywell Agreement –Development of certified ITP avionics –Goodrich: provide certified EFB ASPIRE Agreement Partners –Air Services Australia –Airways Corp. New Zealand

37 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B ITP Currently Purpose: Provide operational benefits in non-surveillance airspace by enabling “in-trail” climbs/descents at reduced separation distances Goal: Employ ITP in oceanic air carrier operations (revenue service) by 2011 Objectives: Validate operational performance and economic benefits of ITP Develop and validate ADS-B ITP MOPS material Partners: United Airlines, Honeywell, Goodrich, Airservices Australia, Airways Corp NZ FL360 FL340 FL350 Desired Altitude Standard Separation ITP Separation Standard TCAS & EFB STCs Approved Dec 2010 Controller Procedures Developed Dec 2010 UAL 747 ITP STC Approved May 2011 UAL OTA Signed August 2009 Operational Approval May 2011 Complete In Progress Not Yet Started Flight Trial Begins June 2011 Flight Trial Begins June 2011

38 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Expected IM Benefits Consistent, low variance spacing within aircraft pairs at specific point Continued Optimized Profile Descent (OPD) operations, with the associated benefits in medium density environments Reduced ATC interventions and workload –Without unacceptable increase in flight crew workload

39 Federal Aviation Administration OSWG First Quarter 2011 – ADS-B Interval Management FIM-S Flight Deck Based Interval Management – Spacing Purpose: Precisely manage intervals between aircraft whose trajectories are common or merging Partners: US Airways, ACSS, UPS Flight Trials Validation Sept 2012 FIM-S MOPS Feb 2013 Approve Validated MOPS June 2013 FIM-S SPR Dec 2010 In Progress Unfunded