Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers CHP – one Possibility to reduce CO 2 Karsten Brinkmann Promotion for CHP Berlin 2008

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Germany – CO 2 Reduction Targets German targets: Reduction based on 1990 values 40% (if EU promises total 30%) 730 Mio t/y % Following the Kyoto protocol and as a driver in EU German politics defined ambitious CO 2 reduction targets

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Germany – Reduction Subsectors 2020 Total Savings 270 Mio t CO 2 /year Renewables Power up to 27% Heating Savings Efficiency Consumption Non energy fields Efficiency Transport & RE Renewing of Powerstations Doubling CHP power Renewables Heat Mio t CO 2 /year

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Efficiency Advantage of CHP % Primary Energy Consumption Reduction + Emission Reduction (depending on fuel) Conventional Generation Powerplant Boiler Fuel 56(51) Losses 11(6)  80%(90)  31%(40) Fuel 97(75) Heat 45 units Combined Heat&Power Heat 45 CHP Power 30 units Losses 25 Losses 67(45) Total Fuel 100 unit  75% Total Fuel 153 (126) units

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Carnot’s Law

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers CHPs are not all alike Type: Private 5 kW (electricity) 12 kW (heat) Household CHP Type: Industrial CHP kW (electricity) kW (heat) Location: Bauernfeind Type: Utility CHP kW (electricity) kW (heat) Location: Scholven

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Steam turbine Gas turbine Engines - With heat recovery - Piston steam engine - Extraction condensing - Back pressure - Micro turbines Steam gas cycle -Stirling engine - Steam screw engine innovative - STIG Organic Rankine Cycle - Extraction condensing - Back pressure Types of CHP processes - Diesel and Gas engine Fuel Cells

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Characteristics of Different CHP technologies ,00010,000100,000 MicroTurbines Fuel Cells Rich Burn Engines Lean Burn Engines Gas Turbines Applicable Size Range, kW e Strong Market Position Market Position Emerging Position Steam Turbines

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Criteria for Choice and Design Usual for CHP and non-CHP: Output Fuel: availibility, price, safety Efficiency (load behaviour) Additionally for CHP: Power/Heat ratio (load behaviour)

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers CHP-Technologies: Suitable Fuels Solid biomass Experienced Possible Impossible x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Residential Commercial Industrial x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Natural Gas Light oil Heavy fuel oil CoalBiogasSolid waste < 0,015 0,015 – , – 50 > 50 Plant size (MW) x x

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Example CHP with Steam Turbines Fuels  coal, oil, municipal waste, biomass, in principle almost every fuel can be applied Advantages  largest capacities  wide fuel range – low fuel costs  mature technology Disadvantages  limited electrical efficiency  expensive in operation in small scale

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Fuels  liquid and gaseous fuels (oil, natural or synthesis gas) Advantages  low investment costs  mature technology (> 1 MWel) Disadvantages  constant power to heat ratio  partload behaviour Example CHP with Gas Turbines

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Example CHP with Diesel- and Gas Engines Fuels  gas, biogas, oil, methanol Advantages  mature technology  easy handling  two heat sources Disadvantages  limited temperature  higher investment

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Significant energy consuming industries are e.g. : Sugar Pulp&Paper Food Fertilizers Petrochemicals Energy Consuming Industries Petrochemicals Food

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers CHP - Potentials in Indian Industry

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Decentralisation Production Structure Extremely decentralised CHP (example Denmark) Distance of Heat transport limited to some km.

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers. CHP Fuel structure – Example Netherlands Distribution of installed capacity 2006 Distribution of Users 2006 CCP GT GE ST Industry DH Horti Refineries

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Germany – Funding in Energy Sector Domestic coal 9, CHP III CHP 2, CHP III DH ? REE(wind, biomass, fuel cells) 5, Reg Technologies <0, Oil & Gas on low level Additional to the shown: European & regional programs bn US$ R&D, Nuclear Demo plants 6, RE Feed-in 0, solar roofs8, CHP I+II 3, Building Isolation 0, CHP 0,6 1991rehabilitation East 2, DH  24 bn US$

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers CHP Generation el CHP Capacity el with present policy Assumed: All benefits of CHP internalised into costs Micro generation feasible Fuel cells are a possibility Politics focussed on decentralisation Increased efficiencies CHP – Scenarios Europe

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers  Behind Renewables and maybe nuclear energy CHP will play the most important CO 2 reduction role  CHP share will grow in all countries  Each country will have unique CHP solutions regarding domestic fuels, industry structure, climate  Large CHP will participate in development of large units where possible  Decentralisation will increase Conclusions

Status: Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Thank you very much for your attention