Organic Chemistry Part 1

The Basics of Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is concerned with _______- containing molecules. carbon Many of the ___________ found in all _______ things contain carbon! compounds living

Carbon Basics Bohr Model of Carbon 6P 6N Atomic Symbol: _____ Atomic Number: _____ Atomic Mass: _____ # of protons: _____ # of neutrons: _____ # of electrons: _____ # of valence electrons: _____ C 6 12 amu

Carbon Basics Since carbon has ___ valence electrons, it needs ____ more to complete its valence shell. 4 4 Each carbon atom will form ___ __________ bonds with other atoms. 4 covalent Carbon will form these bonds with: Other __________, ___, the halogens (__, ____, ___, ___, ___) or __, __, ___ or ___. carbons HF Cl BrIAtONSP

Hydrocarbons These compounds contain only _________ and __________. carbonhydrogen There are two different categories of hydrocarbons: ___________, which has a ________ structure, C’s arranged in a _______. Aliphaticsimple chain ___________, which has a ________ structure and contains _________ bonds between some C atoms. Aromaticring double

Hydrocarbons There are 4 different categories of aliphatic hydrocarbons: 1. _________: only _______ bonds between carbon atoms Alkanes single 2. _________: contain 1 or more ________bonds between carbon atoms Alkenes double 3. _________: contain 1 or more ________bonds between carbon atoms Alkynes triple 4. ________: carbon atoms are joined together in a _______. Cyclic ring

Alkanes The simplest of all aliphatic hydrocarbons, they contain only _______ bonds between carbons. single C C C HH H H HH H H

Alkanes Alkanes have the __________ number of _________ to complete carbon’s 4 bonds. maximum hydrogens Hydrocarbons with only _______ bonds and the maximum number of H’s are considered to be __________. single saturated ***Remember saturated and unsaturated fats? Saturated fats have the __________ number of ____ possible. maximum H’s

Alkanes, con’t… Alkanes are named for the _________ of carbons _________ together. number bonded The _________ chain of carbons is the ________ chain. longest parent To name an alkane, _______ the number of carbons in the parent chain, add the correct ________, and the name ends in ______. count prefix “-ane”

Organic Prefixes # of Carbons in chainPrefix 1Meth- 2Eth- 3Prop- 4But- 5Pent- 6Hex- 7Hept- 8Oct- 9Non- 10Dec-

Example: C C H H HCCC HHHH HHHHH # carbons in parent chain: ___ Correct prefix: ________ Prefix + “-ane” = ___________ 5 Pent- Pentane