2 KEY IDEAS 1-REPUBLICANISM The rights of the people to control their destiny 2-INFLUENCE OF THE WHIGS Those who dislike the king CHAPTER 7: ROAD TO REVOLUTION How does America go from complacent colony to fiery revolution?

“INSURRECTION OF THOUGHT USUALLY PRECEDES INSURRECTION OF DEED” COLONIES “HAPHAZARD ACCUMULATION OF NEW WORLD LAND” LAND OWNERSHIP=POLITICAL POWER

MERCANTILISM BRITISH VIEW—COLONISTS EXIST TO BENEFIT BRITAIN WEALTH=POWER MEASURE WEALTH WITH GOLD & SILVER FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE STRONG CENTRAL GOV’T

COLONISTS TREATED AS TENANTS 1-furnish products 2-buy goods 3-ensure navy is best by building ships, stores & increasing trade

HOW TO ENFORCE MERCANTILISM?? 1-NAVIGATION LAWS Use English ships only Not allowed to compete with English industries Colonists not allowed to: develop Banks Print $ *drains gold reserves

BENEFITS OF MERCANTILISM 1-Price supports for ship parts 2-Virginia has a monopoly on tobacco 3-no cost for defense 4-”trickle down” prosperity 5-used by Spain & France too *still used today—”protective tariff”

PROBLEMS WITH MERCANTILISM 1-stifled “economic initiative” 2-southern colonies more profitable 3-New England colonies—dislike favoritism-lack of econ. freedom 4-Virginia—”land grab” 5-Colonies being “used” for the benefit of the British crown

Impact of French & Indian War on Colonies 1-Proclamation Line of 1763—no colonies can go west of Appalachia British can’t protect colonists from tribes & French—so not allowed to go west 2-Sugar Act of 1764 Increased the tax on foreign sugar imported from West Indies $$$

Impact continued 3-STAMP ACT OF 1765 MANDATORY USE OF STAMPED PAPER TO CERTIFY PAYMENT OF TAX TAX PAYS FOR PROTECTION OF COLONISTS BY TROOPS ----repealed in March ORDER NAVY TO ENFORCE NAVIGATION ACTS 5-QUARTERING ACT 6-USE ADMIRALITY COURTS FOR OFFENDERS

Acts of Parliament continued Declaratory Act of make laws for Americans in all things “Parliament had to be powerful or it would have no power at all” Townshend Acts of tax on imports—lead, glass, paper, paint & tea (indirect/internal tax) -reorganize customs service -pays for Royal Gov’r & judges

“NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION”!!! Prime Minister-Grenville “Virtual” representation “direct” representation impossible Americans make distinction between—legislative actions & taxing

PROTESTS Boston Massacre 1770 British fire on colonists Starts as a “snowball fight” Samuel Adams—”master of propaganda”; leader of Sons of Liberty Brit reaction-----repeal all but tea tax

MORE AMERICAN PROTESTS Stamp Act Congress-1765 Non-Importation Agreements ¼ of all Brit exports go to colonies ½ of all British shipping to colonies Sons of Liberty Customs agents “racketeers” 1772-Committees of Correspondence

BOSTON TEA PARTY 1773 Britain gave Brit. East India Company a monopoly on tea Sell tea to colonists at a low price, but Brit. Gov’t still gets $$$ Protest-throw tea into Boston Harbor

INTOLERABLE ACTS OF 1774 Closed port of Boston Forbid gov’t meetings Troops take over homes Quebec Act—extend Quebec to Ohio River Trials held in England for those accused of a crime in the colonies

How does America go from complacent colony to fiery revolution? Reasons/Answers:

st Continental Congress “complete boycott” No revolution/no independence “The association” *April, 1775—shots fired at Lexington & Concord

BRITAIN COLONIES Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages

Battle of Concord

LoyalistStrongholds

Phase I: The Northern Campaign [ ]

Phase II: NY & PA [ ]

Phase III: The Southern Strategy [ ]

North America After the Treaty of Paris, 1783

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE JULY 2, 1776 "Yesterday the greatest question was decided which ever was debated in America; and a greater perhaps never was, nor will be, decided among men. A resolution was passed without one dissenting colony, that those United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States." (Letter to wife Abigail Adams, July 3, 1776)Abigail Adams