PART B Physical Barrier Protection Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): is important and includes important and includes Gloves Gloves Masks Masks Eyewear Eyewear Gowns Gowns

GLOVES Types Clinical and Non-Clinical use Clinical and Non-Clinical use Types for clinical use Sterile, single use for surgical procedures. Non-sterile, single use; to protect the hands from contact with blood,saliva and body fluids. Use Change after each patient procedure OR during multiple procedures on same patient

Gloves Types for non-clinical use Reusable: –Latex –Non-latex (Nitrile, Neoprene)Use Whilst reprocessing equipment and for housekeeping, cleaning chair, surfaces if contaminated by blood or body fluid Whilst reprocessing equipment and for housekeeping, cleaning chair, surfaces if contaminated by blood or body fluid

Single use Gloves Disposable Examination gloves should be checked when donned Changed when holed or torn Hands must be washed or decontaminated when gloves removed

Single use Gloves

Single use Latex examination gloves Advantages of Latex gloves: Economical Flexible and elastic, easy to don and remove Can double glove if required

Single use Latex surgical gloves Excellent quality control Can be worn for long periods of time, 60 minutes or more before glove integrity is potentially changed

Single use Non-latex examination gloves Nitrile examination gloves Indications  Latex sensitivity for OR patient.

Single use Non-latex examination gloves Neoprene examination gloves Indications  Latex sensitivity for health care worker and patient

Single use Non latex surgical gloves - Neoprene gloves Advantages  More elasticity than nitrile gloves  Excellent quality control  Easy to wear  Durable for long procedures But, more expensive than nitrile gloves

MASKS  Surgical mask.  Particulate filter [N95], for airborne diseases. A must when a possibility of splashing or splattering of blood or other body fluids to the face. Protection from Aerosol contamination.

Masks Masks should be used to reduce the amount of droplets that will be inhaled during the operative procedure. Masks should be replaced after each patient or at least every 30 minutes after donning to ensure the protective mechanism of the mask is not compromised.

MASKS DO ’ S & DON'TS DO:  Fit and wear according to manufacturer ’ s instructions  Cover both the mouth and nose  Remove ASAP if moist or soiled  Remove and discarded as soon as practicable after use DON ’ T:  Touch the mask once on  Hang around neck

EYE PROTECTION Optically clear and anti-fog Close fitting Shielded at the sides

GOWNS AND PLASTIC APRONS  Impermeable, water repellent gowns and/or plastic aprons protect the worker from contamination with blood and body substances.  Use for specific activity (do not leave on all day!).  Remove as soon as possible after contamination or use.  Bag for laundering or disposal.

Principles of infection control:Standard Precautions Barrier Protection: Environmental barriers Clinical area should be clearly divided into clean, clerical and dirty areas. Environmental barriers may be more effective than manual decontamination (cleaning) Environmental barriers can save time by decreasing “change-over time” between patients. Some viruses can survive in saline solution for as long as six days

Barriers on surfaces What can be caught from a surface? Head lice Fungal organisms SARS MRSA [ methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus]

When to use barriers on surfaces Areas in the zone of contamination. Difficult to clean areas.

Plastic bag

Barriers on surfaces  Difficult to clean areas Spittoons can be difficult to clean Patients often miss the spittoon and spit on floor or surrounding environment, especially if numb Young children find it difficult to rinse and spit

Barriers on surfaces  Difficult to clean areas Alternatives to a spittoon include: –Denture cup –A Funnel attached to the suction whereby the funnel can be removed after each patient, cleaned and sterilised –No rinsing, lavage with triple syringe and remove water with suction

Environmental cleaning Foot controls use limit contamination. Floors should be easily washed and made of impermeable material. Carpet should not be used in a treatment area. Neutral detergent should be used for environmental cleaning; –Doesn’t smear –Doesn’t corrode equipment

PART C INSTRUMENT RE-PROCESSING (cleaning) PART C INSTRUMENT RE-PROCESSING (cleaning)