1. Prevent Disease….
…………….Wash your Hands

2. The Most common
mode of transmission
of pathogens
is from your hands!

3. Handwashing
Major aspect of standard precautions
Remember the times hands should be washed
Before and after patient contact
When visibly dirty
Before and after donning gloves

4. CDC: Writes the rules for standard precautions
Basis
All patients pose a risk to healthcare workers
Every body fluid must be considered a potential for infection

5. Standard Precautions OSHA
In 1991 OSHA established the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
To protect Healthcare workers
you must be provided PPE
You must be offered Hep B
vaccine for free
you must be given a free medical
evaluation if you are exposed accidentally

6. PPE (personal protective equipment)

7. Gowns help prevent contamination of clothing
use for any procedure that might cause splashing or spraying
Examples: delivering a baby, surgical procedures and suctioning.

8. GLOVES Whenever in contact with blood or body fluids
When handling contaminated items
When performing invasive procedures
If there are breaks in the skin

9. Additional PPE Masks and Protective eyewear
worn for any procedure that might cause splashing or spraying
Use only once and discard
Change every 30 minutes

10. Methods of infection control
(1) Autoclave (Sterilization)
uses steam under pressure or gas
most efficient method
items are washed before wrapping
indicators on or inside wrap
time period varies
items must dry before removal
items remain sterile for 30 days

11. Sterile technique
Use for invasive procedures
sterile dressing changes etc.
Sterile fields can be created with towels (2 inch border)
Never reach across the sterile field
Different methods
drop
mitten
forceps

12. Methods of Infection Control (cont)
2. chemicals (disinfection)
may not kill spores or viruses
disinfects (not sterilize) i.e alcohol, bleach
3. ultrasonic units (cavitations)

13. ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS

14. Maintaining Isolation
Four classifications
reverse (protective)
Airborne (droplets remain suspended)
droplet (large particles expelled during coughing)
contact (GI, Resp., skin, wound)

15. BIOHAZARDS
Sharp objects
dispose of in sharps containers
puncture resistant
Spills wipe up immediately if more than 50cc use a spill kit
Use of biohazard trash bags when items are soiled with blood