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Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems Ch. 36.1

I. Central Nervous System A. Central Nervous System (CNS) 1. Brain & Spinal Cord 2. Coordinates the body’s activities

I. Central Nervous System 3. Spinal Cord a. Most efficient part b. Capable of multitasking 1) walking 2) talking 3) driving

I. Central Nervous System B. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 1. Made of nerves that carry messages between the CNS and the rest of the body 2. The CNS & PNS allow your body to make rapid changes in response to the environment

I. Central Nervous System C. Three Main Parts of brain 1. Cerebrum 2. Cerebellum 3. Brain Stem a. Midbrain b. Pons c. Medulla Oblongata

I. Central Nervous System D. Cerebrum/Cerebral Cortex 1. Cerebral Cortex- Folded mass of grey matter covering the cerebrum 2. Handles new situations, problem solving, speech, memory and conscious movements

I. Central Nervous System 3. Can only handle ONE thing at a time 4. Learning occurs here, but it isn’t pretty at first a. It takes deep sleep to re- organize and cull the dendrites started throughout the day

I. Central Nervous System 5. Left side of the cerebrum is more “logical” a. Handles language, math and music b. Develops earlier in males and is used more in males

I. Central Nervous System 6. Right side of the brain is more “abstract” a. Handles emotion, intuition and art b. Women use both sides of the brain equally 1) Recover better from brain injury

I. Central Nervous System 7. Corpus Callosum- The bridge between the left and right sides

I. Central Nervous System E. Cerebellum 1. Handles balance, posture & coordination (motor skills) a. Injury to this region causes jerky movements 2. Often receives directions from the cerebral cortex which cause muscles to move

I. Central Nervous System F. Brain Stem (AKA Fishbrain) 1. Runs the body a. Heart, lungs, etc b. Paralyzes your muscles when you sleep c. ADD and bed wetting are associated (until matures)

I. Central Nervous System F. Brain Stem (cont.) 2. Midbrain- Relay station for impulses traveling between the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord a. Contains reflex centers for sight, hearing and touch

I. Central Nervous System F. Brain Stem (cont.) 3. Pons- Bundle of nerves that “bridges” the cerebellum and the rest of the body

I. Central Nervous System F. Brain Stem (cont.) 4. Medulla Oblongata a. Regulates breathing, heart rate and vasoconstriction b. Contains reflex centers vomiting, coughing and sneezing

I. Central Nervous System G. Thalamus 1. Sorts sensory information 2. Information sent to the wrong place causes hallucinations

I. Central Nervous System H. Hypothalamus 1. Survival part of the brain a. aggression b. anger c. hunger/thirst d. sex drive e. homeostasis

I. Central Nervous System H. Hypothalamus 2. Hypothalamus is larger in males and animals a. Fight or flight response 3. Very active in teenagers

II. Peripheral Nervous System A. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 1. Made of nerves that carry messages between the CNS and the rest of the body

II. Peripheral Nervous System 2. Somatic Nervous System a. Voluntary b. Relays information to skeletal muscles

II. Peripheral Nervous System c. Composed of: 1)12 pairs of cranial nerves (actually bundles of neuron axons) 2) 31 pairs of spinal nerves 3) All branches from the spinal chord

II. Peripheral Nervous System 3. Autonomic Nervous System a. Involuntary b. Relays information to internal organs

II. Peripheral Nervous System c. Sympathetic Nervous System 1) Division of the autonomic nervous system 2) Controls internal organs in times of stress a) when frightened

II. Peripheral Nervous System d. Parasympathetic Nervous System 1) Division of the autonomic nervous system 2) Controls internal organs in times of relaxation a) Reading, T.V.

III. Reflex A. Reflex- An automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus B. Consists of: 1. A sensory neuron 2. An interneuron 3. A motor neuron

III. Reflex C. Travels only to the spinal cord (faster) 1. The brain is notified soon after so it is aware of possible danger a. Polysynaptic response

RECAP - Compare and contrast the CNS and the PNS - What is the main function of the cerebrum? - What is the main function of the cerebellum? - What type of activities is the brain stem in charge of?

RECAP - What is the function of the thalamus? - What is the function of the hypothalamus? - What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?

RECAP - What is the function of the thalamus? - What is the function of the hypothalamus? - What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?

RECAP - What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system of the PNS? - Explain the term reflex? - How are a monsynaptic and a polysynaptic reflex different