US History Unit 8, Week 1

Block Day 2/13 and 2/14 Agenda Essential Question Homework HOT ROC: Violence Failures of Reconstruction Mini-Lecture Emmett Till: Justifying Racial Violence in the South Essential Question How did Southerners justify the brutal murder of Emmett Till? Homework Cornell Notes pg. 568-570

HOT ROC: Violence What leads someone to act violently towards someone else? Under what circumstances do you think violence is justified (if you think it ever is)?

Reconstruction Reconstruction (1865-1877): rebuilding the South post-Civil War and healing the nation’s wounds 13th Amendment: abolishes slavery 14th Amendment: blacks are citizens and equal before the law 15th Amendment:

“The Great Betrayal” Compromise of 1877: disputed Presidential election of 1876 Hayes (Northern Republican) vs. Tilden (Southern Democrat) Hayes given Presidency, agrees to end Reconstruction and the north’s military occupation of the south. Known as the “Great Betrayal”

Failures of Reconstruction Southern Democrats aim to save South by “returning it to the white man’s rule” Poll Taxes and Literacy Tests stop blacks from voting Jim Crow Laws create segregation Ku Klux Klan terrorizes blacks through lynching

The Story of Emmett Till Emmett Till was a 14 year old black boy from Chicago. He came to Money, Mississippi to visit relatives. On August 28, 1955 Emmett Till was brutally murdered for “whistling” at a white woman. Despite overwhelming evidence, his killers were set free after a short trial. The case galvanized the nation.

How did Southerners justify the brutal murder of Emmett Till?

Mamie Till’s reaction Emmett’s mom had grown up in the south and moved to Chicago. She refused to let Emmett’s death be just another forgotten lynching. She held an open casket funeral in Chicago that was attended by thousands from the community and got national attention. The trial to convict his murderers also got national news coverage. When his murderers were found not guilty by an all-white jury, she tried to appeal the case. Once found innocent, the murderers sold the story of how they did it to Look Magazine. Mamie Till then appealed to President Eisenhower to take action against the confessed killers, but he refused.

The Murder of Emmett Till As we analyze the circumstances of Emmett Till’s murder, it is important to also reflect on who we are as individuals and how we are viewed in society. Using markers and colored construction paper, draw the outline of your hand. Inside the hand, write or draw things that shape your identity, such as gender, names, religion, physical features, languages, family, political beliefs, etc. You should not put anything on this chart you’re not willing to share. Outside of the hand outline, write or draw examples of how other people identify or "label" you (both positive and negative labels).

How did Southerners justify the brutal murder of Emmett Till? Historians and sociologists today still argue over how people are able to justify such disgusting acts of racial violence in their minds. Today we seek to answer that question looking at the case of Emmett Till. How did Southerners justify the brutal murder of Emmett Till? Read through Documents A-D and collect evidence supporting the THREE HYPOTHESES at the top of your graphic organizer You need to find TWO PIECES OF EVIDENCE for each hypothesis. Be sure to record both the SOURCE information and a QUOTATION

Trayvon Martin: February 26, 2012

Friday 2/14 Agenda Essential Question Homework HOT ROC: Literacy Test Buildup to the Civil Rights Movement Essential Question What led to the Civil Rights Movement? Homework Have a fantastic break!

Literacy Test Practice (Alabama: 1965) 1. Which of the following is a right guaranteed by the Bill of Rights? _____Public Education _____Employment _____Trial by Jury _____Voting 2. The federal census of population is taken every five years. (True or False?) 3. If a person is indicted for a crime, name two rights which he has. 4. A U.S. senator elected at the general election in November takes office the following year on what date? 5. A President elected at the general election in November takes office the following year on what date? 6. Which definition applies to the word “amendment?” _____Proposed change, as in a Constitution _____Make of peace between nationals at war _____A part of the government 7. A person appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court is appointed for a term of __________ ? 8. When the Constitution was approved by the original colonies, how many states had to ratify it in order for it to be in effect? 9. Does enumeration affect the income tax levied on citizens in various states? 10. Person opposed to swearing in an oath may say, instead: (solemnly) _______________________________________

Literacy Test Practice (Alabama: 1965) 11. To serve as President of the United States, a person must have attained: _____25 years of age _____35 years of age _____40 years of age _____45 years of age 12. What words are required by law to be on all coins and paper currency of the U.S.? 13. The Supreme Court is the chief lawmaking body of the state. (True or False?) 14. If a law passed by a state is contrary to provisions of the U.S. Constitution, which law prevails? 15. If a vacancy occurs in the U.S. Senate, the state must hold an election, but meanwhile the place may be filled by a temporary appointment made by _________________________ 16. A U.S. senator is elected for a term of _____ years. 17. Appropriation of money for the armed services can be only for a period limited to _____ years. 18. The chief executive and the administrative offices make up the ___________________ branch of government. 19. Who passes laws dealing with piracy? 20. The number of representatives which a state is entitled to have in the House of Representatives is based on________?

Answers 1. Which of the following is a right guaranteed by the Bill of Rights? _____Public Education _____Employment __X___Trial by Jury _____Voting 2. The federal census of population is taken every five years. (True or False?) 3. If a person is indicted for a crime, name two rights which he has. Habeas Corpus (immediate presentation of charges); lawyer; speedy trial. 4. A U.S. senator elected at the general election in November takes office the following year on what date? January 3 5. A President elected at the general election in November takes office the following year on what date? January 20 6. Which definition applies to the word “amendment?” __X___Proposed change, as in a Constitution _____Make of peace between nationals at war _____A part of the government 7. A person appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court is appointed for a term of ____Life (with good behavior) ______ ? 8. When the Constitution was approved by the original colonies, how many states had to ratify it in order for it to be in effect? 9 9. Does enumeration affect the income tax levied on citizens in various states? Yes 10. Person opposed to swearing in an oath may say, instead: (solemnly) Affirm

Literacy Test Practice (Alabama: 1965) 11. To serve as President of the United States, a person must have attained: _____25 years of age ___X__35 years of age _____40 years of age _____45 years of age 12. What words are required by law to be on all coins and paper currency of the U.S.? In God We Trust 13. The Supreme Court is the chief lawmaking body of the state. (True or False?) 14. If a law passed by a state is contrary to provisions of the U.S. Constitution, which law prevails? US Constitution 15. If a vacancy occurs in the U.S. Senate, the state must hold an election, but meanwhile the place may be filled by a temporary appointment made by ? The Governor 16. A U.S. senator is elected for a term of ___6__ years. 17. Appropriation of money for the armed services can be only for a period limited to ___2__ years. 18. The chief executive and the administrative offices make up the _________Executive__________ branch of government. 19. Who passes laws dealing with piracy? Congress 20. The number of representatives which a state is entitled to have in the House of Representatives is based on_____Population___?

What led to the Civil Rights Movement? Boiling Points What led to the Civil Rights Movement?

Fundamental Reasons WWII Veterans were discriminated against upon their return to the US. An increase in black activism during WWII A Philip Randolph’s organized protest of workplace discrimination Blacks in the Urban North Making gains socially, politically, and economically as well as having voting rights unlike those in the south. Strength of the NAACP The organization was attracting support, funding, and new, young members as well as the support of many lawyers (white & black)

Section 44.2 Copy the spoke diagram below into your notebook. Aspects of segregation affected life by Schools No public busing Copy the spoke diagram below into your notebook. In each of the six ovals around the center oval, list one area of life discussed in Section 44.2 in which blacks experienced segregation. Near each of those six ovals, list as many examples as you can that show how segregation affected Americans during this era. Section 44.2 Below are examples of how segregation affected American life for each of the six topics in the spoke diagram. Public Accommodations • Many states had laws that legalized segregation in public places, keeping blacks and whites separated and often giving them different facilities. • Facilities for blacks were often notably inferior. In some cases, there were no accommodations for them at all. Schools • Schools for black students had substandard facilities and often lacked books and supplies. • Teachers in black schools were paid less and worked under difficult conditions. • Black schools often had no bus system, so students had to walk miles to attend school. Housing • De facto segregation, common in northern cities, included restrictive covenants. These agreements prevented people from selling or renting to African Americans and often kept blacks in poorer neighborhoods. • De jure segregation included racial zoning, local laws that defined where races could live. This kept blacks and whites in separate neighborhoods. Marriage • Miscegenation laws stated that blacks were inferior to whites and that racial mixing would threaten the “purity of the white race.” • Many miscegenation laws also prohibited marriage between whites and Asians or American Indians. TheWorkplace • Few blacks held white-collar jobs, except as teachers or ministers. • Few blacks were employed as skilled laborers. • Incomes of black men were much lower than those of white men. • Discrimination in employment was often due to racism as well as poor schooling for blacks. Politics • Poll taxes, literacy tests, and white primaries kept many blacks from voting and therefore denied them political representation. • Gerrymandering redrew lines of voting districts to dilute the strength of the black vote.