16 Oct Israeli 1st Prime Minister Zionist David Ben-Gurion Dec 1973

David Ben-Gurion David Ben-Gurion (Hebrew: דָּוִד בֶּן-גּוּרְיּוֹן ‎, 16 October December 1973) was the first Prime Minister of Israel. Ben-Gurion's passion for Zionism, which began early in life, culminated in his instrumental role in the founding of the state of Israel. After leading Israel to victory in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Ben-Gurion helped build the state institutions and oversaw the absorption of vast numbers of Jews from all over the world. Upon retiring from political life in 1970, he moved to Sde Boker, where he lived until his death. Posthumously, Ben-Gurion was named one of Time Magazine's 100 Most Important People of the Century. During the Second World War, Ben-Gurion encouraged Palestine's Jews to volunteer for the British Army. He famously told Jews to "support the British as if there is no White Paper and oppose the White Paper as if there is no war". [5] About 10% of the Jewish population of Palestine volunteered for the British Army, including many women. At the same time Ben-Gurion helped the illegal immigration of thousands of European Jewish refugees to Palestine during a period when the British placed heavy restrictions on Jewish immigration. In 1946 Ben-Gurion agreed that the Haganah could cooperate with Menachem Begin's Irgun in fighting the British. Ben-Gurion initially agreed to Begin's plan to carry out the 1946 King David Hotel bombing, with the intent of embarrassing (rather than killing) the British military stationed there. However, when the risks of mass killing became apparent, Ben-Gurion told Begin to call the operation off; Begin refused. Ben Gurion declared the establishment of the State of Israel on May 14, In the Israeli declaration of independence, he stressed that the new nation would "uphold the full social and political equality of all its citizens, without distinction of race, creed or gender." During the first weeks of Israel's independence, he ordered all militias to be replaced by one national army, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). To that end, Ben-Gurion gave the order to fire on the Altalena, a ship carrying arms purchased by the Irgun (also called Etzel). The destination of those arms is unclear. That command remains controversial to this day.

Today English Trade Laws Colonial Trade Middle Passage

English Trade Laws Trade was one of England’s main reason for founding it’s colonies. In 1689 and English official pointed out that the colonies mad up “a full third part of the whole Trade and Navigation of England”

Mercantilism In the late 1600s England, like most European nations, practiced mercantilism. Using the mercantilism economic system, nations created and maintained wealth by carefully controlling trade. A nation could be self- sufficient if it had a good balance of trade.

Balance of Trade Using a balanced trade system: A country had fewer imports-goods bought from other countries. Then imports-goods sold to other countries.

Navigation Acts Between Parliament passed a series of Navigation Acts. These acts required colonists to do the bulk of their trading with England. The Navigation Acts also set duties, or import taxes, on some trade products.

Free Enterprise England claimed that the Navigation Acts were good for the colonies. After all, the colonies had a steady market in England for their goods. Not everyone agreed.

Free Enterprise Many colonists wanted more freedom to to buy or sell goods in whatever markets offered the best price. Many merchants in the colonies practiced Free Enterprise-economic competition with little government control. But local demand for colonial goods was small compared to foreign demand for colonial products.

Limiting Free Enterprise English law limited free enterprise by preventing colonists form selling or buying goods directly to or from many foreign countries. This led to an unfavorable balance of trade for the colonies.

Molasses Act Despite complaints, trade restrictions continued into the 1700s. In 1733 Parliament passed the Molasses Act, which placed duties on sugar, molasses, and rum. In response colonists began to bring these goods into the colonies illegally, a practice known as smuggling.

Colonial Trade By the early 1700s the newly unified kingdom of Great Britain was trading around the world. Most American merchants traded directly with Britain or its colonies in the West Indies. The West Indies produced large amounts of sugar.

Triangular Trade Some merchants also took part in the triangular trade,(which is trade within the British Empire) which could follow several different routes. One route colonies sold goods like fish, grain, beef, and horses to plantation owners in the West Indies. In exchange, merchants received sugar and molasses. Some of these goods were then shipped to Britain.

Triangular Trade That was just one example of how colonial merchants sought the best markets for their products. This colonial participation in trade all across the Atlantic Ocean was an early form of free enterprise.