CHAPTER 30 Crisis of Confidence, Web

America United and Divided Apollo 11 Neil Armstrong walks on moon Near disaster of Apollo ,000 celebrate Woodstock in 1969 Nixon begins “Vietnamization” -- bringing American troops home Anti-war movement escalates Kent State Americans learn more about events in Vietnam William Calley Pentagon Papers

Activism, Rights, and Reform Women’s rights see some improvement Minority groups push for rights as well La Raza Unida American Indian Movement Wounded Knee To court black voters, Nixon become concerned for civil rights Office of Minority Business Enterprise Nixon impacts Supreme Court, especially with Warren Burger Roe v. Wade Court also attacks lingering segregation

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New Directions at Home and Abroad Nixon restructures welfare Returns much control to state level First Earth Day is celebrated in 1970 Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Act of 1970 Nixon supports CIA covert actions in Latin America Henry Kissinger Nixon visits China Closer relations, ignored Taiwan question Moscow Summit, May 1972 Strategic Arms limitation Treaty Détente

Four More Years? Nixon wins victory over George McGovern Watergate Hotel burglary U.S. withdrawal left Vietnam vulnerable 50,000 American dead in war Watergate Scandal Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein investigation showed Nixon involved in cover up Nixon’s resigns, August 9, 1974 Gerald Ford becomes president. Yom Kippur War Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries U.S. support for Israel, bring oil embargo against U.S

Presidential Election, 1972

Gerald Ford in the White House Ford in office War Powers Act (1973) Pardons Nixon in September 1974 Offers “conditional amnesty” to Vietnam draft evaders North Vietnam takes South Vietnam, April 29, 1975 Americans view Ford as unprepared Helsinki Accord of 1975 Jimmy Carter wins 1976 election

The Election of 1976

The Carter Years Carter supports civil rights Nation divided on affirmative action President oversees return of Panama Canal Zone Camp David Accord between Israel and Egypt Anwar Sadat and Menahem Begin Carter’s finest hour Inflation, high unemployment, and energy crisis burden America

The Carter Years (cont.’d) Iranian Hostage Crisis Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini November 4, 1979, dozens of American taken hostage at embassy in Tehran April 1980, rescue mission ended in deadly failure 8 soldiers dead Carter’s credibility destroyed

Discussion Questions Examine Nixon’s policy on Vietnam. How was it different than that of his predecessor? Was it successful? What were the details of the Watergate Scandal? Why were Americans willing to have Nixon removed from office? What were the problems that faced Ford and Carter? How did each deal with them? Explain this statement: “Carter’s greatest achievement and his most abysmal failure both are connected to the Middle East.”