God’s Redemption: Exodus 12:1-13:16

“in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” Announcements Text

“in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” Prayer List Text

Exodus WeekDateTopic 110 Mar 10Exodus – Transitions: An Introduction 217 Mar 10God’s Preparation of Israel: Exodus Mar 10God’s Sovereignty: Exodus Mar 10God’s Redemption: Exodus 12:1-13: Apr10God’s Completion: Exodus 13:17-15: Apr 10God’s Instructions to Israel: Exodus 15:22-18: Apr 10Mosaic Covenant: Exodus 19:1-24: Apr 10Dwelling Among His People: Exodus 24:12-31: May 10Breaking/Renewing the Covenant: Exodus May 10Senior Blessing Night – No classes 1119 May 10Israel’s Worship: Exodus May 10New Testament Implications 1302 Jun 10Exodus – Transitions: A Summary

Today’s Objectives Review last week’s lesson Review historical maps of the region Learn about the Pharaoh from the time of the Exodus Learn about the significance of the Passover and what role it played in the release of Israel from Egypt Learn about the Hebrew calendar Learn about the Israelite exodus from Egypt Learn what God asks of Israel concerning its’ first- born

Last week Learned about the historical timeline of Exodus 5-11 Learned about Pharaoh’s response to Moses’ request to free the Israelites Learned about Moses’ and Aaron’s mission from God to Pharaoh Learned about the 10 plagues that impact upon Egypt and how God uses them to punish Pharaoh Saw how the plagues align with mythological gods worshipped by the Egyptians

10 Plagues PlagueScriptureEgyptian godsRepresents River of blood7:14-25Hapi/NilusSacred river god Frogs8:1-15Heka, OsirisReproduction god Gnats8:16-19SebEarth god Flies8:20-32BeelzebubGod of flies Livestock9:1-7Apis, HathorSacred bull/cow Boils9:8-12Neit Hail9:13-10:29Apis Locusts10:1-20SerapisProtects land from locusts Darkness10:21-29RaSupreme sun god Death of first born11Pharaoh, PiahGod of life

Key Points of Exodus God’s grace towards His people Delivery from the bonds of slavery Deliverance to the freedom of a covenant relationship and fellowship with him No other biblical book surfaces elsewhere in the OT as frequently as the Book of Exodus does; in the NT only the Books of Psalms and Isaiah are cited more Acts 7 is a key companion to Exodus and a quick read

Timeline Moses lived from approximately BC –Completed writing of Exodus after 1445 BC –Exodus covers approximately 431 years of history –Arrival of Jacob and his family in Egypt to the construction of the Tabernacle in Sinai in 1445 BC Israelites lived in Egypt for 430 years (Gen 12:40) –Time of oppression was 400 years (Gen 15:13) –Transition time in Egypt –Egyptians had expelled the Hyskos rulers of the time –Egyptians formed a world power of which there was no match

Rulers of Egypt in Exodus Ahmose I ( BC) –Founder of the New Kingdom after the expulsion of the Hyksos rulers, consolidated borders –Initiated temple building projects Amenhotep (1548-~1528) Thutmose I (~ BC) –Meaning “Born of Thoth” –Thoth the Egyptian god of wisdom –Moses’ early childhood –Therefore Moses would be Egyptian “Born of” and Mu meaning water

Rulers of Egypt in Exodus Thutmose II ( ) –Moses from about age 8 until 21 Thutmose III ( ) –Queen Hatshepsut ( , co-regency) –He is called the Napoleon of Ancient Egypt –He created the largest empire Egypt had ever seen –Moses kills Egyptian; identifies with his brethren (Heb. 11:24-26) then leaves Egypt (1486 BC, Ex 2:11-15) –Moses dwells in Midian 40 years (Acts 7:30) King of Upper & Lower Egypt Menkheper Ra Son of Ra Thetmess

Rulers of Egypt in Exodus Amenhotep II ( ) –Seventh pharaoh of the 18 th Dynasty –Son of Thutmose III –Successful military campaigns –Considered to be the Pharaoh of the Exodus –Firstborn slain in the last plague (Ex 12:29) –His eldest son did not follow him to throne. –over, after “Dream Inscription of Thutmose IV” Notes –Archaeologists give us great detail on the Pharaohs of Moses’ time –Mummies have been found for each of the Pharaohs

Amenhotep II

Chapter 12:1-13:16 Outline The consecration of Israel as the covenant nation 12:1-28 The death of the first-born and the release of Israel 12:29-36 The exodus of Israel out of Egypt 12:37-42 Rules concerning the Passover 12:43-51 The sanctification of the first-born 13:1-16

Consecration of Israel (12:1-28) Directions for Passover (vs. 1-14) –First month of the Jewish religious year was called Abib –Civil year began six months later (September) –Corresponding to our March-April –After the Babylonian captivity, they called the first month Nisan (the month of flowers) Sprinkling of blood –Door represented the house –Smearing of blood on the door was an act of cleansing –The house became consecrated –Signified to the Jews that the blood of a sinless divinely appointed substitute cleansed their sins and set them apart to God

Consecration of Israel (12:1-28) Preparation of the lamb (vs. 8-11) –God directs that it be cooked rather than served raw as the pagans would do –Eaten with unleavened bread along with bitter herbs –Eaten in haste, for the Angel of the Lord was coming Slaying of the first born son would occur (vs 12-13) –Both men and animals –Bring judgment on all the gods of Egypt –The blood will serve as a sign to God and he will pass over those houses Day would be commemorated for generations (vs. 14)

Consecration of Israel (12:1-28) Feast of the Unleavened Bread (vs ) –To eat bread without yeast for seven days –Cannot eat year, would be cut off from Israel –Sacred assemblies to be held on day one and seven –Do not work on these two days, except to prepare food Celebrate the Feast of the Unleavened Bread –It would be on that day that they would leave Egypt –14 th day to the 21 st day, eat bread made without yeast Moses issues instructions about Passover (vs ) –Slaughter the Passover lamb –Apply the blood to the doorframes –Do not go to the door until the morning

Hebrew Calendar

Release of Israel (12:29-36) God strikes down the first born of Egypt (vs ) –First born of Pharaoh, of the prisoner, and livestock –Loud wailing in Egypt, not a house without someone dead Pharaoh summons Moses and Aaron (vs ) –Orders them to leave Egypt –All their people, livestock, and possessions –Asked the Egyptians for articles of gold and silver, they were more than happy to oblige –Plundered the Egyptians of all their treasure

Exodus Out of Egypt (12:37-42) Israelites depart Rameses for Succoth –600,000 men plus women and children (remember, barely 70 started this process over 400 years prior)\ –Livestock, flocks, and herds –Baked cakes of unleavened bread Israel stayed in Egypt for 430 years –Left Egypt exactly 430 years –When Jacob entered Egypt in1876 BC until the day of the Exodus in 1446 BC –Abrahamic covenant (Gen 46:2-4) until giving of the Mosaic Law in Sinai (Ex 19) –All Israelites are to honor the Lord for what he has done for them on that night

Ref: Constable

North

The Passover (12:43-51) Passover restrictions –God speaking to Moses and Aaron –No foreigner is to eat from the Passover –Only the circumcised –But not a temporary resident or hired worker –Eaten inside, do not break any bones –Whole community of Israel must celebrate Why all the rules? –Before anyone could observe the memorial of redemption, he first had to exercise faith in the promise God had given Abraham –Had to demonstrate the faith by submitting to circumcision, the sign of the covenant

Sanctification of the First Born (13:1-16) Repeats earlier instructions from God God directs Moses to consecrate every first-born male –First born belongs to God, man or animal –Passover was to be a sign to the Israelites of God’s powerful work for them –A dedication of every first-born Israelite male baby was to take place after the nation entered the Promised Land –Serve as a memorial to God’s redemption of Israel from Egyptian slavery –However, God later takes the Levites for His special possession in place of the first-born son (Num 3:12-13)

Review Reviewed last week’s lesson Reviewed historical maps of the region Learned about the Pharaoh from the time of the Exodus Learned about the significance of the Passover and what role it played in the release of Israel from Egypt Learned about the Hebrew calendar Learned about the Israelite exodus from Egypt Learned what God asks of Israel concerning its’ first-born Next week, God’s Completion: Exodus 13:17- 15:21