Water: Who Wants Some?!?! Water Unit Chemistry and Society McCollum/Lehner

Introduction to H 2 O Trivia Trivia –It takes x 10 4 gallons of water to make a new car. –Seventy-five percent of the human brain is water. –One gallon of gasoline can contaminate approximately 750,000 gallons of water.

Introduction (Cont.) On the average, each American uses about 160 gallons of water a day at a cost of 27 cents. On the average, each American uses about 160 gallons of water a day at a cost of 27 cents. Bottled water may cost up to 1000 times more than municipal may not be as safe. Bottled water may cost up to 1000 times more than municipal may not be as safe. An acre of corn contributes more to humidity than a lake of the same size. An acre of corn contributes more to humidity than a lake of the same size. The United States consumes water at twice the rate of other industrialized nations. The United States consumes water at twice the rate of other industrialized nations.

Why is Water Special?? Physical Properties: Physical Properties: –Exists in all 3 states naturally –It is less dense as a solid than liquid (ice floats) –It absorbs lots of heat (use as coolant and weather effect)

Images courtesy of: Why is Water Special?? Chemical Properties: Chemical Properties: –Polar (makes great solvent) High surface tension High boiling point –Natural pH of 7

Foul Water Activity (A.2) Why is it important to have clean water? Why is it important to have clean water? –Katrina Water Issues Katrina Water IssuesKatrina Water Issues

Foul Water Activity (A.2) Procedure is on pg.7 of your book. Procedure is on pg.7 of your book. Objectives Objectives –Know: what each of the 3 separation methods are supposed to remove from water what types of things ARE NOT removed via the separation methods we used how DISTILLATION works, and what it removes from water

Water Diary (A.3) We are going to construct a water diary over the next few days in order to determine how much water you use per day! We are going to construct a water diary over the next few days in order to determine how much water you use per day!

Data Table Example page 11 of Text Usage Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 # of Persons in family Number of baths Number of washing machine loads: LowHigh

Water and Health (A.4) All living organisms need water in order to survive. All living organisms need water in order to survive. –Humans can survive roughly DAYS without food, but only 5-10 days without water –On average, humans drink about 2L of water per day

Don’t Drink The Water!!! Early peoples drank from rivers and streams. Early peoples drank from rivers and streams. –As pop. Increased so did pollution –Wastes from farms, industries, and other sources contaminate water sources

Water….What is it Good For? Each day 4.0 x gallons of water falls to the Earth as rain or snow, humans use 10%. Each day 4.0 x gallons of water falls to the Earth as rain or snow, humans use 10%. Where does it go???? Where does it go????

Usage Across US (East Side Vs West Side) East Side! East Side! –88% of water returned to natural water ways –Most usage in manufacturing and homes/offices

Mississippi River Delta

East Side Vs. West Side (Cont) West Side!! West Side!! –Only 48% of water returned to waterways –Most water is used for irrigation (90%) –High evaporation rates (deserts)

The Untamed Colorado

What’s the Difference? Eastern half gets more rain Eastern half gets more rain Has more natural water supplies Has more natural water supplies Wind Factors Wind Factors

How much water do we use?? Direct: Measured use Direct: Measured use –About 1360 L/Day (360 Gallons) per family of four Indirect: Used in production Indirect: Used in production –Example: Water consumed by cows that make up that “Tasty Burger” from the “Hawaiian Burger Joint”

Which is more water use?!?! Drinking One bottle of “Fiji” water or a bottle of “Naked Fruit Juice”? Drinking One bottle of “Fiji” water or a bottle of “Naked Fruit Juice”? –Why?

Back Through The Pipes (A.6) Surface Water Surface Water –Rivers, lakes, etc Ground Water Ground Water –Wells Aquifers Aquifers –Rock layers that hold water underground –Springs, etc –Most abundant source

What’s in it?!?! No Natural water is pure No Natural water is pure –It conducts electricity, remember? –Dissolves soil and rock Iron, calcium, potassium, carbonates, silicates, etc Iron, calcium, potassium, carbonates, silicates, etc

What’s the difference?

Where did Water first come from? Volcanoes Volcanoes Comets Comets Condensation of Atmospheric water Condensation of Atmospheric water

Phases Of Water Solid Solid –Lowest Kinetic Energy –Crystalline Structure Liquid Liquid –Loose Structure –Higher Kinetic Energy Gas Gas –No Structure –Highest Kinetic Energy