2. What is “transpiration?” A. Water to gas B. Gas to water C. Evaporation from plants D. Water falling from clouds

3. Name the two factors that drive the water cycle. A. Water B. Solar energy C. Precipitation D. Gravity

4. Why is water a renewable resource? A. Water is constantly being recycled, filtered and renewed through the water cycle.

5. Explain how solar energy helps drive the water cycle. A. Solar energy (sunlight) causes large bodies of water to heat up. This can cause evaporation, which leads to the condensing of clouds, etc

6. Explain how gravity helps drive the water cycle. A. Without gravity, water would not fall back to Earth in quantities needed to support life.

7. Why are the oceans and the atmosphere considered carbon sinks? A. The ocean contains calcium carbonate and carbon dioxide. B. The atmosphere contains carbon dioxide.

8. Name 3 factors that might cause a water table to RISE. A. Rains B. Flooding C. Replacing used water with recycled water D. More permeable material E. Snowmelt in the spring F. Damming a river (flooded side)

9. What is the difference between a well and a spring? A. A well is manmade, while a spring is a natural formation

10. What is the difference between a deep current and a surface current? Deep current: is in the deep zone and is caused by temperature changes Surface current: is in the surface zone and is caused by wind patterns and Earth’s rotation (Coriolis Effect)

11. Name three gases found dissolved in ocean water. 1. Nitrogen 2. Oxygen 3. Carbon dioxide

12. Which ocean layer has the lowest density? A. Deep zone B. Thermocline C. Surface zone D. Saturation zone

13. Name three solids found dissolved in ocean water. A. Chlorine B. Sodium C. Magnesium D. Potassium

14. Name three factors that might cause a water table to DROP A. Drought/no rainfall B. Damming a river (dried side) C. Not replacing used water with recycled water D. Overuse by humans Too many wells Irrigation Industrial needs

15. What is porosity? A. The ease at which water can move through a material B. The amount of space found in the pores of a material C. A permeable rock that holds and stores water D. A manmade hole dug to access groundwater

16. Define salinity. A. The amount of salt dissolved in a liquid

17. How might human use affect the water table? A. If humans use more water before it can be replenished, the water table (and water supply) might drop!

18. How might weather affect the depth of the water table? A. If there is too much rain, it can cause a rise in the water table. If there is not enough rain, then the water table may drop.

19. What is a recharge zone? A. Any area where water can pass through rock B. Any area where water can pass the water table C. Any area where water can pass through permeable rock and replenish an aquifer D. Any area where water passes through permeable rock and leaves an aquifer

20. What is the difference between an ordinary well and an artesian well? A. An ordinary well is one where people must actively get the water out. An artesian well is one where water naturally comes out due to underground pressure.

21. Which ocean zone has the densest water? A. Surface Zone B. Thermocline C. Aeration Zone D. Deep Zone

22. Why does the deep zone have the saltiest water? A. The deep zone has the saltiest water because water with high salinity is very dense. This dense water will sink below the less dense (and less salty) water.

23. Define permeability A. The ease at which water can move through a material B. The amount of space found in the pores of a material C. A permeable rock that holds and stores water D. A manmade hole dug to access groundwater

24. What is a current? A. A stream of water flowing through an ocean. B. A stream of water flowing through the surface zone C. A stream of water flowing through the deep zone D. An edible fruit typically pureed and used in many different desserts

25. What is a carbon sink? A. A reservoir that holds and stores water B. A reservoir that holds and stores carbon compounds C. A reservoir that holds and stores salts D. A layer of permeable rock that holds and stores water

26. Name three sources for the solids found in ocean water. A. Erosion of rocks B. Underwater volcanic eruptions C. Chemical reactions between seawater and magma

27. Why does the surface zone have the warmest temperature? A. The surface zone has the warmest temperature because warmer water is less dense than colder waters. This means that the less dense water will stay near the top while the more dense water will sink to the bottom.

28. What is buoyancy? A. A substance’s ability to float in another substance B. The amount of salt in a liquid C. The amount of mass in a given volume D. A substance’s ability to sink

29. Name three sources for the gases found in ocean water. A. ATMOSPHERE B. Underwater volcanic eruptions C. Living organisms

30. Why does the deep zone have the coldest temperature? A. The deep zone has the coldest water because cold water is very dense. Dense water tends to sink to the bottom while less dense waters will be found in the top layers.

31. Label the diagram below ______________ _______________ _________________ ________________ _______________

32. Label the diagram below.