Computer Organization ANGELITO I. CUNANAN JR. 1

What is Computer?  An electronic device used for storing and processing data.  It is a machine that can execute instructions that given by the user and operate the data base on the related instruction. The computer process the data to produce information.  The word computer was taken from Latin word Computare means “Calculate”. 2

Basic Function of a Computer…  Takes input, process it according to stored instructions and produces results as output. INPUTOUTPUTPROCESS STORAGE 3

Three Core Aspects of Computer… Hardware Physical parts or components of a computer. Software Sets of instructions, data, and programs that helps computers to do things. Peopleware Who actually use computers. People itself. 4

5 Categories of Hardware Device… 1. Input. These devices provide humans with a way to input data into the computer, so that the computer can process it into information. Keyboard, Mouse, Camera, Scanner, Biometric reader… 2. Processing. These devices process your data (raw facts) into information (something useful to humans). Central Processing Unit (CPU), Motherboard… 3. Output. These devices provide the computer with a means of outputting what it has processed. Monitor, Printer, Projector… 5

5 Categories of Hardware Device… (continued) 4. Storage. These devices provide the computer with a means of storing what it has processed. Hard drive, Memory (RAM), USB Drive… 5. Communication. These devices allow computers to communicate with other computers via computer networks, such as Local Area Networks or the Internet. Network Card Interface (NIC), Router… 6

2 Main Categories of Software… 1. System. System software is the software that communicates directly with the computer. It provides the interface between you and the computer. This software can be divided into 3 main categories.  Operating System (OS)  Utilities  Language Translators 7

2 Main Categories of Software… (continued) 2. Applications. Applications software is software written to be “applied” to a particular task, such as creating text documents or graphics. These programs are interpreted and run by the Operating System. Applications software can be categorized into many types. Here are several categories of popular software.  Word Processing  Presentation Graphics  Spreadsheets  Database Management  Browsers 8

What is Computer System?  A complete, working computer. Computer system will include the computer along with any software and peripheral devices that are necessary to make the computer function.  Basically divided into: Computer Architecture Computer Organization 9

Computer Architecture  Refers to those attributes of a system visible to a programmer or, put another way, those attributes that have direct impact on the logical execution of program. 10

Computer Organization  Refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.  Integration between systems. *Each computer version have different organization. 11

Computer Classification…  CPU speed  The number of register inside CPU  Main memory size  Secondary memory size  Complexity of operating system  Physical size  Cyber memory space  The multiple-programming degree  Cost 12

Function and Structure…  Structure. The way in which the components are interrelated or communicates to each other.  Function. The operation of each individual component as part of the structure. 13

Function… Four basic functions that computer can perform: 1. Data Processing 2. Data Storage 3. Data Movement  Peripheral  Data Communications 4. Control 14

Function… (continued)  Functional view of computer Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Processing Facility Data Storage Facility 15

 Possible Computer Operations Movement Control ProcessingStorage A Movement Control ProcessingStorage B Movement Control ProcessingStorage C Movement Control ProcessingStorage D 16

Structure… Four main structural components: 1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) 2. Main Memory 3. I/O 4. System interconnection 17

Computer Main Structure… Computer SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION MAIN MEMORY INPUT OUTPUT CPU Operating Environment (Source and Destination of Data) Peripherals Communication Lines Computer 18

Structure - CPU ► Registers ► Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) ► Internal Bus Three main groups of lines 1. Data bus 2. Address bus 3. Control bus ► Control Unit 19

Structure – CPU (Diagram) SYSTEM BUS CPU IO MEMORY INTERNAL CPU INTERCONNECTION ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT CONTROL UNIT REGISTERS CPU 20