Cell Structure and Function Unit Review CA Biology Standards 1a, 1c, 1e YM 2010

1. There are two major groups of cells based on the absence or presence of a nucleus. Name these two groups:

ProkaryotesEukaryotes

2. Which cell type does have a nucleus?

Eukaryote

3. LIST two types of Eukaryotic cells:

PlantAnimal

4. What is an example of a “prokaryotic” organism?

Bacteria

5. Fill the table below with information you have learned about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells How old is this cell type?OLDER SizeLARGER Does it have a nucleus? Does it have DNA? Does it have a cell membrane? Does it have ribosomes?

5. Fill the table below with information you have learned about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells How old is this cell type? OLDERYounger SizeSmaller LARGER Does it have a nucleus?NoYes Does it have DNA?YesYes Does it have a cell membrane?YesYes Does it have ribosomes?YesYes

6. Label the diagram below as a plant cell or an animal cell.

I-AnimalII-Plant

7. Besides chloroplasts, which other structure in ONLY found in plant cells

Cell Wall ChloroplastVacuole

8. List 3 structures that BOTH plant and animal cells share:

Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Nucleus

9. Fill in the table below: PLANT CellANIMAL Cells Has a cell membrane Has cytoplasm Has chloroplasts Has a cell wall Has ribosomes Has a nucleus

9. Fill in the table below: PLANT CellANIMAL Cells Has a cell membraneYesYes Has cytoplasmYesYes Has chloroplastsYesNO Has a cell wallYesNO Has ribosomesYesYes Has a nucleusYesYes

10. What is an organelle

Specialized structure that has a specific function in the cell

11. Label the diagram to the right with the correct organelles.

1. Endoplasmic Reticulum 2. nUCLEUS 3. MitoCHONDRIA 4. Cell MEMBRANE 5. Golgi apparatus

12. What is the function of a RIBOSOME?

Sites of protein synthesis

13. Which of the structure above is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in cells?

Cell Membrane

14. Using the diagram of the cell membrane, what molecule is labeled with the letter X? Letter Y?

14. Using the diagram of the cell membrane, what molecule is labeled with the letter X? Protein Letter Y? Phospholipid Head

15. What structure is shown in the diagram to the right?

Plasma Membrane

16. Label the phospholipid diagram using the words

17. What does hydrophilic mean?

Water loving

18. What does hydrophobic mean?

Water fearing

19. Why is the cell membrane referred to as “semi-permeable”?

Only allows certain substance to pass through

20. What is the function of a Cell Marker?

Cell Identification

21. What is the NAME of the type of transport shown below?

FacilitatedDiffusionOsmosis Exocytosis Diffusion

22. Define Diffusion:

Movement of molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to LOW concentration

23. What are 3 examples of molecules that move easily in and out of cells through diffusion?

WaterOxygen Carbon Dioxide

24. Define Osmosis:

Movement of water from an area of HIGH concentration to LOW concentration

25. Does passive transport, require ATP? active transport?

NO YES

26. During passive transport, which direction do the molecules move?

HIGH to LOW concentration

27. During passive transport, which direction is the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT?

Moves with the concentration gradient

28. During active transport, which direction do the molecules move?

LOW to HIGH concentration

29. During active transport, which direction is the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT? AGAINST

30._____The organelle that modifies, packages and prepares proteins for export out of the cell. 31._____The structure that stores and transmits genetic information. 32._____The organelles whose main function is to manufacture and transport materials to other locations. 33._____These organelles are the sites of protein synthesis. 34._____This structure relates what substance enters and exits the cell. 35._____This organelle manufactures, modifies, and detoxifies lipids. A. Cell Membrane B. Golgi apparatus C. Nucleus D. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum E. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum F. Ribosomes

30._B_The organelle that modifies, packages and prepares proteins for export out of the cell. 31._C_The structure that stores and transmits genetic information. 32._E_The organelles whose main function is to manufacture and transport materials to other locations. 33._F_These organelles are the sites of protein synthesis. 34_A_This structure relates what substance enters and exits the cell. 35._D_This organelle manufactures, modifies, and detoxifies lipids.

36. Which cell type, PLANT or ANIMAL, is shown to the right? A. B. C.

36. Which cell type, PLANT or ANIMAL, is shown to the right? Animal A. B. C.

37. What is structure A? A. B. C.

37. What is structure A? Cell Membrane A. B. C.

38. What is structure B? A. B. C.

38. What is structure B? Nucleus A. B. C.

39. What is structure C? A. B. C.

39. What is structure C? Cytoplasm A. B. C.

40. Which cell type, PLANT or ANIMAL, is shown below? D. E.

40. Which cell type, PLANT or ANIMAL, is shown below? Plant D. E.

41. What is structure D? D. E.

41. What is structure D? Cell Wall D. E.

42. What is structure E? D. E.

42. What is structure E? Nucleus D. E.

43. When a cell is placed into a solution with a lower water concentration than the cell, like syrup, what will happen to the size of the cell?

Shrink

44. Which direction did the water molecules move when the above happened?

HIGH to LOW concentration

45. What is the diffusion of a water molecule, across a membrane, from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration called?

Osmosis

46. What type of movement, active or passive, is the diffusion of a water molecule, across a membrane?

Passive

47. “Are not made of cells; cannot make proteins by themselves; cannot replicate on their own.” These statements best describe a

Virus

48. Why are viruses not living organisms?

Not made of cells

49. Using numbers, place the following in order from smallest to largest: _____plant cell ______virus _______bacteria

49. Using numbers, place the following in order from smallest to largest: 3. plant cell 1. virus 2. bacteria

50. What do the statements below describe? 1. All living things are made up of cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of life. 3. All cells come from existing cells

50. What do the statements below describe? Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of life. 3. All cells come from existing cells

51. _____The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called A perforated. B semi-permeable. C non-conductive. D permeable.

51. _____The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called A perforated. B semi-permeable. C non-conductive. D permeable.

52. _____The plasma membrane of a cell consists of A protein molecules arranged in two layers with polar areas forming the outside of the membrane. B two layers of lipids organized with the nonpolar tails forming the interior of the membrane. C lipid molecules positioned between two carbohydrate layers. D protein molecules with polar and nonpolar tails.

52. _____The plasma membrane of a cell consists of A protein molecules arranged in two layers with polar areas forming the outside of the membrane. B two layers of lipids organized with the nonpolar tails forming the interior of the membrane. C lipid molecules positioned between two carbohydrate layers. D protein molecules with polar and nonpolar tails.

53._____A cell from heart muscle would probably have an unusually high proportion of A lysosomes. B mitochondria. C mRNA. D Golgi bodies.

53._____A cell from heart muscle would probably have an unusually high proportion of A lysosomes. B mitochondria. C mRNA. D Golgi bodies.

54. _____Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells A are much smaller. B have permeable membranes. C have a higher rate of reproduction. D have nuclei.

54. Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells A are much smaller. B have permeable membranes. C have a higher rate of reproduction. D have nuclei.

Macromolecule Review— previous unit 55. Fill-in the table below: Macromolecule:MonomerPolymer A. Lipids1 glycerol head and 3 Fatty acid tails B. CarbohydratesMono_________Polysaccharide or ______________ (excess Plant sugar) C. ProteinsProtein D. Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acid

Macromolecule Review— previous unit 55. Fill-in the table below: Macromolecule:MonomerPolymer A. Lipids1 glycerol head and 3 Fatty acid tailsLipid B. CarbohydratesMonosaccharidePolysaccharide or Starch_ (excess Plant sugar) C. Proteins Amino Acid Protein D. Nucleic AcidsNucleotide Nucleic Acid

56. Look at the table above. What do you notice about macromolecules and polymers?

They are the same name

57. During denaturation the shape of the molecule is permanently changed. Name 2 causes of denaturation. A change in:

1. pH 2. Temperature

58. Use the diagram to the right for help. TRUE or FALSE ____The active site is located on the enzyme and is unique. ____The enzyme and active site can be used again. ____Denaturation could reduce the activity of the enzyme.

58. Use the diagram to the right for help. TRUE or FALSE TRUE _The active site is located on the enzyme and is unique. TRUE_The enzyme and active site can be used again. TRUE_Denaturation could reduce the activity of the enzyme.

STUDY!!!!