1. The Neuron REVIEW GAME
See also the NOTES documents posted online at our wikispace, the online self-quizzes posted at our wikispace, and all assignments and materials related to cell structure (Cells Alive!!! Assignment!!!), and to diffusion and osmosis (LABS!!!)

2. Identify each of the labeled structures of the neuron below.G.

3. Identify each of the labeled structures of the neuron below.
A. dendrites
B. nucleus
C. cell body
D. axon
E. axon endings
F. nodes of Ranvier
G. Schwann cells/myelin sheath

4. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the described FUNCTION.
The ___________ of a neuron contains the DNA and is the “control center” of the cell.
The ___________ of a neuron contains the nucleus and most of the cellular organelles.

5. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the described FUNCTION.
The nucleus of a neuron contains the DNA and is the “control center” of the cell.
The cell body of a neuron contains the nucleus and most of the cellular organelles.

6. Fill in the blanks in the sentence below with the NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the described FUNCTION.
Signals “come in” to the neuron through the ________, and travel “out” of the neuron along the ________, at the end of which the __________ contact the next neuron in the communication chain.

7. Fill in the blanks in the sentence below with the NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the described FUNCTION.
Signals “come in” to the neuron through the dendrites, and travel “out” of the neuron along the axon, at the end of which the axon endings contact the next neuron in the communication chain.

8. Which of the following do NOT have a cell wall? 
plant cells
bacterial cells
Fungi
animal cells

9. Which of the following do NOT have a cell wall? 
plant cells
bacterial cells
Fungi
animal cells

10. The plasma membrane is composed of
 a single layer of proteins
a phospholipid bi-layer
a carbohydrate bi-layer
a single layer of lipids

11. The plasma membrane is composed of
 a single layer of proteins
a phospholipid bi-layer
a carbohydrate bi-layer
a single layer of lipids

12. This organelle stores the DNA in a eukaryotic cell.
Nucleus
Ribosome
Vacuole
Cytoplasm

13. This organelle stores the DNA in a eukaryotic cell.
Nucleus
Ribosome
Vacuole
Cytoplasm

14. Which of the following is the energy supplier in eukaryotic cells; this organelle contains its own DNA
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome

15. Which of the following is the energy supplier in eukaryotic cells; this organelle contains its own DNA
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome

16. This organelle is found in animal cells and is used in cell division; the spindle fibers attach to it. 
vacuole
chloroplast
nucleus
ribosome
centriole

17. This organelle is found in animal cells and is used in cell division; the spindle fibers attach to it. 
vacuole
chloroplast
nucleus
ribosome
centriole

18. Which of the following is an enzyme filled organelle for breaking down waste in the cell?
Lysosome
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Golgi body

19. Which of the following is an enzyme filled organelle for breaking down waste in the cell?
Lysosome
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Golgi body

20. The major job of the ribosome is to 
make fats
make proteins
break down proteins
make sugars

21. The major job of the ribosome is to 
make fats
make proteins
break down proteins
make sugars

22. What is a semi-permeable membrane?
 A membrane that allows all molecules to pass through.
A membrane that is different on each side.
A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but not others.
A membrane that doesn't allow any molecules to pass through.

23. What is a semi-permeable membrane?
 A membrane that allows all molecules to pass through.
A membrane that is different on each side.
A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but not others.
A membrane that doesn't allow any molecules to pass through.

24. The STRUCTURE of the plasma membrane is best described as 
a single lipid layer
an impenetrable barrier.
a rigid, strong layer protecting the cell
a lipid bi-layer.

25. The STRUCTURE of the plasma membrane is best described as 
a single lipid layer
an impenetrable barrier.
a rigid, strong layer protecting the cell
a lipid bi-layer.

26. The plasma membrane is referred to as a “fluid mosaic” because it is made up of
a) phospholipids and cellulose
b) nucleic acids and proteins
c) phospholipids and proteins
d) proteins and cellulose

27. The plasma membrane is referred to as a “fluid mosaic” because it is made up of
a) phospholipids and cellulose
b) nucleic acids and proteins
c) phospholipids and proteins
d) proteins and cellulose

28. Plasma membranes are “selectively permeable”. This statement means that
a) No substances can enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.
b) The plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or exit a cell more easily than others.
c) All substances are able to enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.
d) It is random chance whether a molecule can or cannot enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.

29. Plasma membranes are “selectively permeable”. This statement means that
a) No substances can enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.
b) The plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or exit a cell more easily than others.
c) All substances are able to enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.
d) It is random chance whether a molecule can or cannot enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.

30. Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?
small polar molecules
small non-polar molecules
large polar molecules
large non-polar molecules
large neutral molecules

31. Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?
small polar molecules
small non-polar molecules
large polar molecules
large non-polar molecules
large neutral molecules

32. CO2: O2: H2O: C6H12O6: K+ : Na+ : Ca2+ :
For each of following molecules, indicate whether it CAN or CANNOT pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane by simple diffusion.
Then, for EACH molecule EXPLAIN WHY it can or cannot pass through based upon the SIZE and CHARGE characteristics of the molecule.
CO2:
O2:
H2O:
C6H12O6:
K+ :
Na+ :
Ca2+ :

33. CO2: YES! It CAN! It’s both SMALL and NONPOLAR (hydrophobic)!
For each of following molecules, indicate whether it CAN or CANNOT pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane by simple diffusion.
Then, for EACH molecule EXPLAIN WHY it can or cannot pass through based upon the SIZE and CHARGE characteristics of the molecule.
CO2: YES! It CAN! It’s both SMALL and NONPOLAR (hydrophobic)!
O2: YES! It CAN! It’s both SMALL and NONPOLAR (hydrophobic)!
H2O: WATER!!! NO! It CANNOT! Yes, it’s SMALL, but it is POLAR (hydrophilic)!
C6H12O6: GLUCOSE!!! NO! It CANNOT! It’s both LARGE and POLAR (hydrophilic)!
K+: NO! It CANNOT! Yes, it’s SMALL, but it is an ION with a CHARGE (hydrophilic)!
Na+: NO! It CANNOT! Yes, it’s SMALL, but it is an ION with a CHARGE (hydrophilic)!
Ca2+: NO! It CANNOT! Yes, it’s SMALL, but it is an ION with a CHARGE (hydrophilic)!

34. Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of
molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.
molecules from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.
water molecules across a membrane.
gas molecules across a membrane.
gas or water molecules across a membrane.

35. Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of
molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.
molecules from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.
water molecules across a membrane.
gas molecules across a membrane.
gas or water molecules across a membrane.

36. The rate of diffusion is affected by which of the following?
Temperature
Size of molecules
Steepness of the concentration gradient
A, B and C

37. The rate of diffusion is affected by which of the following?
Temperature
Size of molecules
Steepness of the concentration gradient
A, B and C

38. When the process of diffusion reaches an equilibrium state:
the movement of all molecules stops completely
molecules continue to move but in equal parts
a hypertonic solution is formed
none of the above

39. When the process of diffusion reaches an equilibrium state:
the movement of all molecules stops completely
molecules continue to move but in equal parts
a hypertonic solution is formed
none of the above

40. Which of the following statements regarding simple diffusion is TRUE?
a) Simple diffusion uses ATP as an energy source.
b) Simple diffusion can move a solute against its concentration gradient.
c) Simple diffusion is driven by the potential energy represented by a concentration gradient.
d) None of the above

41. Which of the following statements regarding simple diffusion is TRUE?
a) Simple diffusion uses ATP as an energy source.
b) Simple diffusion can move a solute against its concentration gradient.
c) Simple diffusion is driven by the potential energy represented by a concentration gradient.
d) None of the above

42. Which of the following statements regarding active transport is TRUE?
a) Active transport uses ATP as an energy source.
b) Active transport can move a solute against its concentration gradient.
c) Active transport requires the cell to expend energy.
d) All of the above

43. Which of the following statements regarding active transport is TRUE?
a) Active transport uses ATP as an energy source.
b) Active transport can move a solute against its concentration gradient.
c) Active transport requires the cell to expend energy.
d) All of the above

44. Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is FALSE?
a) Diffusion is a result of the thermal energy of atoms and molecules.
b) Diffusion requires no input of energy into the system.
c) Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated.
d) Diffusion occurs even after equilibrium is reached and no net change is apparent.

45. Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is FALSE?
a) Diffusion is a result of the thermal energy of atoms and molecules.
b) Diffusion requires no input of energy into the system.
c) Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated.
d) Diffusion occurs even after equilibrium is reached and no net change is apparent.
Statement c above is FALSE: In reality diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are MORE concentrated to areas where they are LESS concentrated, in other words from HIGH to LOW concentration.

46. The only DIFFERENCE between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is 
facilitated diffusion requires energy
facilitated diffusion uses protein channels to move substances in or out of the cell
simple diffusion requires energy
facilitated diffusion moves substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

47. The only DIFFERENCE between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is 
facilitated diffusion requires energy
facilitated diffusion uses protein channels to move substances in or out of the cell
simple diffusion requires energy
facilitated diffusion moves substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

48. Facilitated diffusion occurs
into the cell only.
out of the cell only.
in either direction depending on the temperature.
in either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule.
in either direction depending on the size of the molecule.

49. Facilitated diffusion occurs
into the cell only.
out of the cell only.
in either direction depending on the temperature.
in either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule.
in either direction depending on the size of the molecule.

50. Exocytosis is a process by which cells
release substances from the cell through pores in the cell membrane.
release substances from the cell via vesicles.
release substances from the cell via carrier proteins.
bring in substances from the outside via vesicles.
bring in substances from the outside via pores in the cell membrane.

51. Exocytosis is a process by which cells
release substances from the cell through pores in the cell membrane.
release substances from the cell via vesicles.
release substances from the cell via carrier proteins.
bring in substances from the outside via vesicles.
bring in substances from the outside via pores in the cell membrane.

52. Certain white blood cells engulf microorganisms and bring them in to digest them. This process is best described as
Pinocytosis.
Osmosis.
Receptor-mediated exocytosis.
Phagocytosis.
Diffusion.

53. Certain white blood cells engulf microorganisms and bring them in to digest them. This process is best described as
Pinocytosis.
Osmosis.
Receptor-mediated exocytosis.
Phagocytosis.
Diffusion.

54. Cells occasionally need to take in or “drink” large amounts of water, which term best describe the process by which cells “DRINK” or take in vesicles of water?
Pinocytosis.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Phagocytosis.
Diffusion.

55. Cells occasionally need to take in or “drink” large amounts of water, which term best describe the process by which cells “DRINK” or take in vesicles of water?
Pinocytosis.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Phagocytosis.
Diffusion.

56. When a cell needs to get rid of waste products and push them OUT OF THE CELL, which term best describe the process by which cells release substances from the cell?
Pinocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Exocytosis

57. When a cell needs to get rid of waste products and push them OUT OF THE CELL, which term best describe the process by which cells release substances from the cell?
Pinocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Exocytosis

58. Which method of transport moves substances in or out of the cell that REQUIRES ENERGY? 
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport

59. Which method of transport moves substances in or out of the cell that REQUIRES ENERGY? 
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport

60. Facilitated diffusion is used to transport
H2O and O2
O2 and CO2 
CO2 and H2O
Ions and H2O

61. Facilitated diffusion is used to transport
H2O and O2
O2 and CO2 
CO2 and H2O
Ions and H2O

62. Osmosis is best defined as the movement of
solute molecules across a membrane from an area of high solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration
solute molecules across a membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
water molecules across a membrane from an area of low water concentration to an area of higher water concentration
water molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

63. Osmosis is best defined as the movement of
solute molecules across a membrane from an area of high solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration
solute molecules across a membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
water molecules across a membrane from an area of low water concentration to an area of higher water concentration
water molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

64. A solution in which the solute concentration outside a cell is LOWER cell than the solute concentration inside the cell is called a
hypotonic solution
hypertonic solution
isotonic solution
cytotonic solution

65. A solution in which the solute concentration outside a cell is LOWER cell than the solute concentration inside the cell is called a
hypotonic solution
hypertonic solution
isotonic solution
cytotonic solution

66. A solution in which the solute concentration outside the cell is HIGHER than the solute concentration inside the cell is called 
an isotonic solution
a hypertonic solution
a hypotonic solution
a cytotonic solution

67. A solution in which the solute concentration outside the cell is HIGHER than the solute concentration inside the cell is called 
an isotonic solution
a hypertonic solution
a hypotonic solution
a cytotonic solution

68. A cell in a hypertonic solution
loses water and shrinks
gains water and expands
gains and loses the same amount of water, staying the same shape
none of the above

69. A cell in a hypertonic solution
loses water and shrinks
gains water and expands
gains and loses the same amount of water, staying the same shape
none of the above

70. A red blood cell placed in an isotonic medium will
Expand.
Burst.
Shrink.
Have no change in shape.

71. A red blood cell placed in an isotonic medium will
Expand.
Burst.
Shrink.
Have no change in shape.

72. A cell in a hypotonic solution
loses water and shrinks
gains water and expands
gains and loses the same amount of water, staying the same shape
none of the above

73. A cell in a hypotonic solution
loses water and shrinks
gains water and expands
gains and loses the same amount of water, staying the same shape
none of the above

74. After eating a salty snack like potato chips, the cells in your mouth become saturated with salt. What happens to the cells in your mouth as they react to the ELEVATED salt environment? 
water moves into the cells causing them to burst
salt moves into the cells causing them to burst
salt moves out of the cells causing them to shrink
water moves out of the cells causing them to shrink.

75. After eating a salty snack like potato chips, the cells in your mouth become saturated with salt. What happens to the cells in your mouth as they react to the ELEVATED salt environment? 
water moves into the cells causing them to burst
salt moves into the cells causing them to burst
salt moves out of the cells causing them to shrink
water moves out of the cells causing them to shrink.

76. When a plant cell is placed in a salt water solution, the cell is affected and changes size. What part of the cell will be UNAFFECTED? 
The cytoplasm
The cell membrane
The cell wall
The vacuole

77. When a plant cell is placed in a salt water solution, the cell is affected and changes size. What part of the cell will be UNAFFECTED? 
The cytoplasm
The cell membrane
The cell wall
The vacuole

78. The diagram to the right represents a plant cell in distilled water as seen with a compound light microscope.
Which diagram below best represents the appearance of that cell after it has been placed in a 15% salt solution for two minutes?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

79. The diagram to the right represents a plant cell in distilled water as seen with a compound light microscope.
Which diagram below best represents the appearance of that cell after it has been placed in a 15% salt solution for two minutes? This is a high salt concentration solution, therefore a hypertonic solution. Water will move OUT of the cell, causing it to shrink within its plasma membrane, but the cell wall (a rigid structure) will maintain it’s shape, a situation shown in (3) below.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4