State Standard SB4A. Investigate the relationships among organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes. Terrestrial Biomes (3.2)

EFFECTS OF LATITUDE/CLIMATE 1  Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a specific place and time. 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes  One of the keys to understanding these communities is to be aware of latitude and climatic conditions. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Chapter 3

 The distance of any point on the surface of Earth north or south from the equator is latitude. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 EFFECTS OF LATITUDE/CLIMATE 2 - Latitude

 The average weather conditions in an area, including temperature and precipitation, describe the area’s climate. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems  The graph shows how temperature and precipitation influence the communities. 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 EFFECTS OF LATITUDE/CLIMATE 3 - Climate

Biomes are classified by 3 factors:  plant life  temperature  precipitation Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 MAJOR LAND BIOMES 1

Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Tundra  Abiotic factors: soggy summers; permafrost; cold and dark much of the year  Temp: Very low  Precipitation: Very low  Plant Life: Treeless, short grasses, shallow-rooted shrubs  Animal Life: Caribou, polar bears, birds, insects, wolves, trout, salmon  Location: South of the polar ice caps in the Northern hemisphere 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 MAJOR LAND BIOMES 2 - Tundra

Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Boreal Forest  Abiotic factors: short/moist summers long/cold/dry winters  *** AKA Taiga or Northern Coniferous Forest ***  Temp: Low  Precipitation: Low  Plant Life: Spruce & Fir (Christmas) trees, decidous trees, small shrubs  Animal Life: birds, moose, beavers, deer, wolverines, mountain lions  Location: Northern part of North America, Europe, Asia 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 MAJOR LAND BIOMES 3 – Boreal Forest

Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Temperate Forest  Abiotic factors: well-defined seasons; hot summers, cold winters  ***AKA Temperate Decidous Forest***  Temp: Moderate  Precipitation: Moderate  Plant Life: Deciduous trees (oak/maple/beech), shrubs  Animal Life: squirrels, rabbits, skunks, birds, deer, foxes, black bear  Location: South of boreal forest in eastern N. America, eastern Asia, Australia, & Europe 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 MAJOR LAND BIOMES 4 – Temperate Forest

Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Temperate Woodland/Shrubland  Abiotic factors: Hot, dry summers; cool, wet winters  Temp: Moderate  Precipitation: Low  Plant Life: Evergreens, shrubs, corn oak  Animal Life: foxes, jackrabbits, birds, bobcats, coyotes, lizards, snakes, butterflies  Location: surrounds Mediterranean Sea, western coasts of North & South America, South Africa, & Australia 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 MAJOR LAND BIOMES 5 – Temperate Woodland/Shrubland

Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Temperate Grassland  Abiotic factors: hot summers, cold winters, fires  Temp: moderate  Precipitation: moderate to low  Plant Life: grasses & herbs  Animal Life: gazelles, bison, horses, lions, deer, mice coyotes, foxes, wolves, birds, snakes, grasshoppers, spiders  Location: North & South America, Asia, Africa, Australia 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 MAJOR LAND BIOMES 6 – Temperate Grassland

Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Desert  Abiotic factors: dry; widely variable temperature from day to night  Temp: Very High to low  Precipitation: Very low  Plant Life: cacti, Joshua trees, succulents  Animal Life: lizards, bobcats, birds, tortoises, rats, antelope, desert toads  Location: every continent except Europe 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 MAJOR LAND BIOMES 7 - Desert

Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Tropical Savanna  Abiotic factors: hot/rainy summers; cool/dry winters  ***Think “Lion King”***  Temp: Very high  Precipitation: Moderately Low  Plant Life: grasses & scattered trees  Animal Life: lions, hyenas, cheetahs, elephants, giraffes, zebras, birds, insects  Location: Africa, South America, & Australia 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 MAJOR LAND BIOMES 8 – Tropical Savanna

Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Tropical Seasonal Forest  Abiotic factors: seasonal rainfall  Temp: Very High  Precipitation: Moderate  Plant Life: deciduous & evergreen trees, orchids, mosses  Animal Life: elephants, tigers, monkeys, koalas, rabbits, frogs, spiders  Location: Africa, Asia, Australia, South & Central America 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 MAJOR LAND BIOMES 9 – Tropical Seasonal Forest

Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Tropical Rain Forest  Abiotic factors: humid all year; hot/wet  Temp: Very High  Precipitation: Very High  Plant Life: broadleaf evergreens, bamboo, sugar cane  Animal Life: chimps, Bengal tigers, elephants, toucans, bats, orangutans, sloths, snakes, insects  Location: Central & South America, southern Asia, western Africa, & northeastern Australia 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 MAJOR LAND BIOMES 10 – Tropical Rain Forest ***Biome with the most biodiversity***

Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Mountains  If you go up a mountain, temperature and precipitation will change with increasing elevation.  An increase in altitude has the same effect as an increase in latitude.  The highest points on a mountain will resemble the tundra. 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 OTHER TERRESTRIAL AREAS 1 ***Be able to explain this diagram***

Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Polar Regions  Border the tundra at high latitudes  Polar regions are cold all year. Penguins in Antarctica 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3 OTHER TERRESTRIAL AREAS 2