U.S. History Chapter 19 Lecture Notes

Trouble had been brewing for a long time 1.Long-term cause for World War I, an intense devotion to the interests and culture of one’s own nation or ethnicity. Nationalism 2.Long-term cause for World War I, a policy of stronger nations exerting their political, economic, and military strength to dominate weaker nations. Imperialism 3.Long-term cause for World War I, a build up of military forces. Militarism 4.Long-term cause for World War I, many of the world’s powers had become involved in _____ alliances. Entangling Alliances

The Good Guys vs. The Bad Guys 5.Germany, Italy, Austria, Ottoman Empire (Turkey) The Central Powers 6. Great Britain, France, Russia, United States The Allies

The “spark” that set off the Balkan Powder Keg 7.This man’s assassination became the spark that set off World War I in The Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary

New Weapons make WWI a Defensive War 11.Germany’s weapon of choice for attacking Allied convoys crossing the Atlantic Ocean. The U-Boat (Submarine) 8.Term describing the type of warfare practiced during World War I. Caused the conflict to break down into a stalemate with no clear winner or loser. Trench Warfare 9.Describes the territory between the trenches filled with barbed wire, under almost constant fire, filled with death and destruction “No Man’s Land” New Weapons like the Airplane, Tank, Machine Gun, and Chemical Weapons turned World War I into a “bloodbath”.

“I see nothing, I hear nothing, I know nothing” 10.America’s foreign policy related to World War I until Neutrality 15.Woodrow Wilson’s campaign slogan in 1916 – reflective of America’s devotion to neutrality. “He kept us out of war”

American Neutrality Waivers 12.British passenger ship sunk by a German U- Boat in 1915, killed 128 Americans, nearly caused the U.S. to enter World War I. The Lusitania 13.German promise to surface their U-Boats before firing on civilian ships, effort to keep the U.S. out of the war for at least one more year. The Sussex Pledge 14.Long-term cause for American entry into World War I, German policy of sinking all Allied shipping – military or civilian. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare 16.Telegram sent from Germany’s Ambassador to the U.S. to the government of Mexico. Asked Mexico to invade the U.S. in exchange for the return of the Mexican Cession. Prompted a Declaration of War by the United States against Germany. The Zimmerman Telegram (Note)

America gets involved 17.Act of Congress that established a Draft prior to World War I. The Selective Service Act 18.Allied counterpunch to the German U-Boat, it featured use of large groupings of supply ships escorted by new anti-submarine warships called Destroyers. The Convoy System 19.Commander of the American Expeditionary Force in Europe. General John J. (“Black Jack”) Pershing 22.Headed by Bernard Baruch, responsible for acquiring the necessary materials for the military to wage war in Europe. The War Industries Board 23.Commission designed to prevent work stoppages by settling disputes between labor and management in the various war industries. National War Labor Board 24.Headed by Herbert Hoover, it was responsible for securing the food necessary to feed the AEF. The Food Administration

Getting the Public behind the War Effort 25.Encouraged by Herbert Hoover as a means to ration food. “Victory Gardens” 26.Political advertising used by the British to encourage the American public to support a Declaration of War and American entry into World War I. Propaganda 27.Headed by George Creel, purpose was to drum up support for American involvement in World War I. Committee on Public Information

Constitutional issues faced during the war 28.Acts of Congress aimed at preventing and deterring any acts of spying, sabotage, or damaging the war effort through public criticism. Espionage and Sedition Acts 29.Supreme Court decision that upheld that freedom of speech could be limited in time of war. Schenck v. United States

The United States Army gets in the fight. 20. “Turning Point” of World War I in Europe. Battle of the Marne River 21.World War I Battle that featured significant American involvement as an independent fighting force. Meuse-Argonne Offensive

Woodrow Wilson tries to guide the Peace Process 31.President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace after World War I, it featured boundary changes, arms reductions, and formation of a League of Nations to provide collective security. Fourteen Points for Peace 32.International organization created after World War I designed to prevent acts of aggression through collective security. Ultimately failed because of a lack of enforcement power. League of Nations (U.S. never joined it) 34.Treaty that officially ended World War I. Treaty of Versailles (U.S. never signed it) 35.War damages that Germany was forced to pay Great Britain and France. Contributed to a terrible economic depression in that country. Reparations 36.Part of the Treaty of Versailles that forced Germany to take the blame for starting World War I. War Guilt Clause

America closes its windows and locks its doors 37.Group of Congressmen that refused to support American involvement in the League of Nations. The Irreconcilables 38.Led a Group of Congressmen that would support American involvement in the League of Nations if certain reservations were agreed to. Henry Cabot Lodge 39.Foreign policy favored by most Americans, especially Congress, during the 1920’s. Isolationism

The Soviet Union threatens to spread worldwide revolution 33The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia established a _____ government in that country and resulted in Russia’s withdrawal from World War I. The Bolshevik (Communist) Revolution

African Americans move north to find work and escape segregation 30. Mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North during the 1920’s. The Great Migration