Metals, Non-Metals, & Metalloids; Groups / Families & Periods PERIODIC TABLE Metals, Non-Metals, & Metalloids; Groups / Families & Periods

The Periodic Table

Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev - published first periodic table in 1869 - arranged elements according to atomic mass Henry Moseley - arranged the periodic table for today - arranged elements according to atomic number

METALS Left side of the Periodic Table Less than 4 electrons in outer orbit Give away electrons when forming bonds (+ ions)

METALS Have a luster = shiny often gray in color. Are malleable – Can be bent or pounded into shape without breaking Are ductile – Can be formed into wire Are good conductors of heat and electricity

Examples of Metals

NON-METALS Opposite of Metals Right side of the stair step line More than 4 electrons in their outer orbit Take electrons when forming bonds (- ions)

NON-METALS Have a dull finish Are brittle and powdery Are not ductile – can’t be made into a wire Are poor conductors of heat and electricity

Examples of Non Metals

METALLOIDS Elements have properties of metals and nonmetals Found along the stair step line on the Periodic Table

Examples of Metalloids Boron

Element Song Want to hear a cool song????

Groups / Families Groups or families are the vertical columns on the periodic table. These elements have the same number of electrons in their outer orbits. They also have many characteristics in common. The group IIa elements; beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, & barium. They are called the Alkali Earth Metals.

Groups / Families Which elements are these? upper left – magnesium lower right - calcium What do they have in common? The same number of electrons in their outer orbit.

Alkali Metal Family Each has only one electron in it’s outer orbit Soft metals that rapidly corrode when exposed to air React violently with water Part of many common salts

Alkaline Earth Metals Have 2 electrons in their outer orbits. Highly reactive and corrosive metals. Magnesium is found in abundance in sea water. Calcium is important for bones and teeth.

Transition Metals –Groups 3-12 Form colorful compounds Have various properties – less reactive

Groups / Families Group VIIa is the Halogen family; fluorine, chlorine, bromine, & iodine. What do all of these elements have in common? Each has 7 electrons in its outer orbit. What characteristics do they have in common? All are very toxic and used as germ killers.

Halogens Selected Properties of the Group 7 Halogens Symbol and Name Atomic Number Electron arrangement State and color at room temperature, color of vapor when heated Melting point Boiling point F Fluorine 9 2.7 -220oC, 53K -188oC 85K Cl Chlorine 17 2.8.7 -101oC, 172K  -34oC, 239K Br Bromine 35 2.8.18.7 -7oC, 266K 59oC, 332K I Iodine 53 2.8.18.18.7 114oC, 387K 185oC, 458K At Astatine 85 2.8.18.32.18.7 302oC 575K 337oC 610K black solid, very dark vapour dark red liquid, orange to bromine vapour pale yellow gas green gas very dark grey solid, purple vapour

Noble or Inert Gases Have full outer orbits. Are gases at room temperature. They rarely form compounds. Inert!! Helium is the second most abundant element in the cosmos.

Periods Periods are the horizontal rows on the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of orbits containing electrons. These elements do not have many other characteristics in common.

Lanthanides First row at bottom of periodic table Rare elements found in the Earth Used in lamps, lasers, magnets, and motion picture projectors. Silvery-white metals that tarnish when exposed to air Relatively soft metals. High melting points and boiling points. Very reactive. Burn easily in air. At elevated temperatures, many rare earths ignite and burn vigorously. Their compounds glow strongly under ultraviolet light.

Actinides Second row at bottom of periodic table Most are synthetic (man-made) Most are radioactive. The metals tarnish readily in air. Actinides are very dense metals They react with boiling water and release hydrogen gas. Actinides combine directly with most nonmetals.