Analytical Marxism

Analytical Marxism a kind of Marxist thought which rose after structure Marxism represented by Althusser‘s( 阿尔都塞 ), in 1970s in the United Kingdom United States. Oxford University professor of political philosophy Cohen( 科恩 ), Romer （罗默） University of California at Davis Professor of Economics,University of California, University of Chicago political science professor Jon Elster, Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin USA Wright and so on.

Analytical Marxism Marxist analysis is based on the main features of the analysis of contemporary Western philosophy and individualism in social science methodological. to re-build the Marxism called an analysis Marxism which is both scientific and revolution to make a reasonable answer to the social problems in contemporary capitalism.

One:the historical background of analysis Marxism 1. the product of contemporary capitalism's social contradictions with the new technological revolution development. 2.the long-term struggle result of leftist intellectuals and the masses in the Anglo-American. 3. it is closely related with the popular analytical philosophy tradition and the individualism in sociology methodology in British and American.

Two:the general characteristics of the analysis Marxism 1. respecting the method of analytic philosophy, opposing to dialectics( 辩证法 ). 2. respecting the individualism in the methodology, opposing to the methodological holism ( 整体主义 ).

two:the main representatives of analysical Marxism and their ideas (A) Cohen‘s( 科恩 ) demonstration on the development proposition the and the first Proposition of historical materialism ( 历史唯物主义 ) 1. Development proposition. First, the historical circumstances which persons live is lack of material.

Three: the main representatives of analysical Marxism and their ideas 2. humans have found new resources, invented the technology to increase productivity and other tools and other capabilities. 3. human beings have enough reason to seize the opportunities to solve shortage problem in the labor creation.

Third, the main representatives of analysical Marxism and their ideas Further information 1.the productivity trend is self-discipline, independent of social structure, rooted in these fundamental physical facts as human nature human conditions. 2.the cause of productive forces development is to solve the problem of lack of productivity.

Three: the main representatives of analysical Marxism and their ideas 3. the trend of productive forces development is common, it runs through the history of mankind as a whole, through lack of social history. The first proposition. the primacy of interpretation of the Relations productivity to production ___ the economic base and the superstructure,

Three: the main representatives of analysical Marxism and their ideas 1. the nature of the production relations is explained by the level of productive forces development. 2. the nature of the superstructure is explained by the economic basis 3.the productivity relations production constraints the development of productive forces. 4. the superstructure will help stabilize the economic base

Three: the main representatives of analysical Marxism and their ideas (B) Romer( 罗默 ) ： the general exploitation theory The technical definition of the exploitation concept 1. the Marxist exploitation concept ： technical and non-technical meaning. Non-technical meaning: the concept of exploitation in daily. Technical meaning: the concept of scientific parlance.

Three: the main representatives of analysical Marxism and their ideas 2. the corresponding principle of Wealth, class and exploitation First, the class - wealth correspondence principle. the wealth status of the parties can determine their class status from the rich to the poor ____capitalists(landowners), semi-capitalists (rich peasants), the independent craftsmen (middle peasants), semi-proletarian (poor farmers), workers ( farm laborers).

Three: the main representatives of analysical Marxism and their ideas Second, the correspondence principle of the class – exploitation the capitalists or the half stable capitalists are exploiters. proletarians or semi-proletarian is exploited; independent craftsmen can be exploiters and the exploited, or both are not, depending on their wealth.

Three: the main representatives of analysical Marxism and their ideas. "Exit Game" exploitation theory. Marx's exploitation theory is based on voluntary exchange only economic system based on the capitalist exploitation. he proposed, "Exit Game" exploitation theory, establish a specific form of exploitation beyond the General Exploitation Theory.

Three: the main representatives of analysical Marxism and their ideas He envisaged a "game" economy, in this economy, any one group can participate or withdraw from the economy, if a group of property to carry out a per capita allocation of an economy and a separate section of the production, if its members income has been enhanced, then the economies in the original group members is to be exploited; if the group has the lower income, then the economies in the original group members is exploited..

4. Socially necessary exploitation. Exploitation present in a certain historical period inevitability. If eliminate this form of exploitation prejudicial to the exploited without help, such exploitation is "socially necessary exploitation." If the elimination of exploitation, the economic incentives will have serious damage or the technology, further development of productive forces, the loss of such exploitation is socially necessary exploitation.

Three: the main representatives of analysical Marxism and their ideas (C) Wright's class structure theory of contemporary capitalism 1. Based on three exploitation forms contemporary capitalism of the class structure. the unequal property, production distribution, the unequal distribution of the Organization property, the unequal distribution of skills property.

Three: the main representatives of analysical Marxism and their ideas 12 kinds of people constitute the two major categories. First, the production of property occupants. Second, the non-production property occupants. 2. Middle Class. From a certain perspective, they are exploiting others; from the other side, they were exploited.

Four: the evaluation of Marxism the positive aspects. Promoted Marxism in the West, especially the spread of the Anglo-American and other countries, expanding the Marxist influence in the Western academia. Marxist analysis of the basic concepts and principles to deepen the study of Marxism.

Four: the evaluation of Marxism Second, the negative aspects. Basic proposition of error; methodological individualism.