The War of 1812 “The Second War for Independence”

1) British impressment of U.S. citizens 1) British impressment of U.S. citizens CAUSES

CAUSES 2) War hawks believed the British supported Indian attacks on frontier settlements 2) War hawks believed the British supported Indian attacks on frontier settlements

CAUSES 3) Desire for Canada and Florida 3) Desire for Canada and Florida

THE WAR poorly fought, U.S. poorly equipped, invasion of Canada failed poorly fought, U.S. poorly equipped, invasion of Canada failed widespread disunity, controversial widespread disunity, controversial fought on land and water; Great Lakes fought on land and water; Great Lakes Many Indian tribes ally with British Many Indian tribes ally with British

THE WAR

Aug. 1814, the British invaded and burned D.C. Aug. 1814, the British invaded and burned D.C.

THE WAR Most decisive U.S. victory was at New Orleans (fought after war technically ended); Andrew Jackson became a national hero Most decisive U.S. victory was at New Orleans (fought after war technically ended); Andrew Jackson became a national hero

EFFECTS 1) The Treaty of Ghent ended the war. It was essentially an armistice- both sides agreed to stop fighting and restore conquered territory; U.S. grievances not addressed; a draw 1) The Treaty of Ghent ended the war. It was essentially an armistice- both sides agreed to stop fighting and restore conquered territory; U.S. grievances not addressed; a draw

EFFECTS 2) Defiant New Englanders held the Hartford Convention- some proposed secession; the final report demanded $ from D.C. and an amendment requiring a 2/3 vote in Congress to approve an embargo, new states, or war; drop demands upon victory at New Orleans; Federalist Party’s “death dirge” 2) Defiant New Englanders held the Hartford Convention- some proposed secession; the final report demanded $ from D.C. and an amendment requiring a 2/3 vote in Congress to approve an embargo, new states, or war; drop demands upon victory at New Orleans; Federalist Party’s “death dirge”

HARTFORD CONVENTION

EFFECTS 3) “The 2nd War for Independence” (diplomatically) because: 3) “The 2nd War for Independence” (diplomatically) because: –proved U.S. would resist if wronged & demand respect –sectionalism condemned –Jackson & Harrison war heroes –Indians cede lands in treaties

EFFECTS –U.S. manufacturing blossomed –Surge of NATIONALISM- the spirit of nation-consciousness or national oneness * Nationalism reflected in literature, finance, an improved capital, an expanded army, manufacturing

EFFECTS 4) Tariff of first tariff passed primarily to protect U.S. industry, rather than or revenue; 20-25% tax on dutiable imports; the start of a protective trend 4) Tariff of first tariff passed primarily to protect U.S. industry, rather than or revenue; 20-25% tax on dutiable imports; the start of a protective trend

THE AMERICAN SYSTEM Henry Clay’s plan to develop a profitable home market Henry Clay’s plan to develop a profitable home market strong banking system, easy and abundant credit strong banking system, easy and abundant credit protective tariff to encourage eastern industry protective tariff to encourage eastern industry $ from tariff used to build a network of roads and canals to link U.S. regions and increase the flow of manufactured goods and raw materials $ from tariff used to build a network of roads and canals to link U.S. regions and increase the flow of manufactured goods and raw materials

THE AMERICAN SYSTEM Goal to knit the country together economically and politically; well- received by westerners Goal to knit the country together economically and politically; well- received by westerners Madison vetoed funding bill for internal improvements, dubbed unconstitutional; JD-Republicans objected to federal support of intrastate internal improvements Madison vetoed funding bill for internal improvements, dubbed unconstitutional; JD-Republicans objected to federal support of intrastate internal improvements