Social Change Unit 2

WITHOUT SPEAKING!!!  If you were a world leader, what change would you make? 1. Without telling anyone write it down on your piece of paper 2. STILL WITHOUT SPEAKING, circulate around the room and look at other changes your classmates would make 3. Are there similarities? Discuss

Unit 2 Learning Goals  Overall Expectations  Evaluate the differences and similarities in the methodologies and strategies of Anthropology, Psychology, & Sociology applied to the study of change  Describe the key features of major theories from Anthropology, Psychology, & Sociology that focus on change  Analyze the ways in which theories of early social scientist have influenced subsequent social-scientific thinking

Unit 2 Learning Goals  Overall Expectations  Define and correctly use anthropological, psychological and sociological terms correctly  Demonstrate an understanding of the main areas of study in anthropology, psychology, and sociology and of the similarities among them  Demonstrate and understanding of the different research methods used by anthropology, psychology and sociology to investigate question of importance within each field, and apply relevant skills correctly and ethically  Communicate the results of their inquiries effectively

Explain the significance How does the picture represent social change?

10 commandments for changing the world  You gotta believe  Change can & does happen because individuals take bold initiatives ® Can you think of some individuals that have contributed to social change??

Challenge Authority  Don’t be afraid to question authority  Experts are often proved wrong  Any other examples?

Know the system  Learn how decisions are made  How is bureaucracy structured?

Know the system

Take action  Do something  Anything is better than nothing  Bounce ideas around with your friends then act

Use the media  Stage a dramatic event and invite the media  They love an event that gives them an interesting angle or good photo

Build alliances  Seek out your common allies.  The system wins through divide and conquer

Apply constant pressure  This drives those in power crazy  Be creative to get your prospective heard

Teach alternatives  Propose and articulate alternatives to the status quo

Learn from mistakes

Take care of yourself & each other  Avoid burnout  Share task, delegate  Remember... You are not alone

17  2. Describe five (5) ways that social change has affected you NOW and five (5) ways that social change will affect you in the future (30 years from now)  Create a visual to illustrate these effects  Share with the class In a Group of 3 or 4...  1. Create a chart to show five (5) questions that each social science would ask to investigate social change 17

18  OR...it is a change in the social structure and institutions of society What is Social Change?  Refers to changes in the way society is organized, and in the beliefs, and practices of the people who live in it

19  Social scientists try to understand the nature of social change and what forces drive it  They do not attempt to predict it  Most change occurs almost naturally, as a result of a multitude of factors operating within society  Not as a result of people’s conscious efforts

20  Change process is normally gradual & cultures normally do not change suddenly and completely unless they are destroyed by another culture. Anthropology & Social Change  Anthropologists see cultures as constantly changing organisms (an organism is a whole with interdependent parts)

21  3. How adequate are these ideas or explanations when we apply them to the modern world?  4. What are the implications for anthropology? Are the findings for one period valid in another? The Anthropological Questions  1. What are the known basic mechanisms of social change?  2. What ideas or explanations can we use to describe what causes cultures to change?

22  30 industrialized nations in the world are developed countries & the remaining 180 are developing countries (little or no industry) Change in Various Countries  Originally anthropologists studied isolated cultures (e.g. Yanomamo in the Amazon) but now they study cultural groups in mainstream society

23  Sources of Cultural Change: Three major sources: 1. Invention - new products, ideas, & social patterns that affect the way people live (e.g. cell phone, tablet)  Anthropologists study why the gap between developed & developing countries has increased in the past 50 years  They suggest ways of closing this gap

24  3. Diffusion - the spreading of ideas, methods, & tools from one culture to another (e.g. herbal medicine from China in Canada) Sources of Cultural Change Continued  2. Discovery - finding something that was previously unknown to a culture (e.g. space exploration)

25 Enculturation  The process by which members of a culture learn and internalize shared ideas, values, and beliefs

26  3. Social organization - how the culture is organized helps determine how readily a given culture can change  4. Systems of symbols - physical objects like clothing labels, gestures, hairstyles, or anything that identifies a person as a member of a particular culture Aspects of Culture  1. Physical environment (e.g. climate in Canada)  2. Level of technology - degree of technology available together with the physical limitations of the environment determines how receptive a culture will be to the need for change

27  Key Questions: what must people do to successfully change their behaviours? What factors make behaviour modification programs successful? Do most people need help changing behaviour? Psychology  Focuses on people’s behaviours (what they do) & attitudes (what they think)

28  Rewards help BUT bigger rewards do not help Persuasion is of great interest to advertisers Psychology  It is difficult to change people’s attitudes & behaviours  Do individuals have to change their attitudes before their behaviour can be changed?  Can people be persuaded to practice behaviour that is inconsistent with their attitudes?

29  If attitudes & behaviours don’t match... Social Psychology  Why & how we change our minds  Cognitive consistency - the desire to avoid attitudes that conflict with each other, which generally results in the ability to live more satisfying lives  Attitudes & behaviours match

30  Therefore, this makes us change our attitudes to avoid this Cognitive Dissonance Theory  People try to avoid conflicts between what they think & what they do  Dissonance creates discomfort, inner conflict, anxiety, hostility, anger

31  Key Question: is change patterned & predictable or arbitrary & irregular? Sociology  Focuses on massive shifts in the behaviours & attitudes of groups & whole societies  See change as an inevitable process

32  3. From progress - each new society builds on experiences of its predecessors & social institutions change as a result Three Ways of Explaining Social Change:  1. From decay - Societies begin in an ideal state & then decline as a result of becoming more materialistic & less spiritual  2. From cycles of growth & decay - societies go through cycles rather than inevitable destruction

33  E.g. Karl Marx believed that the struggle for economic power between competing social groups caused change  Many feminists also use the Marxist analysis seeing men as those with the power A final thought...  In addition, it is necessary to examine if change results from one factor or from an interplay of many factors  Reductionist - theories of those who believe that a single specific factor causes change (also called determinist)

34  Make use of: - Facebook - Twitter - Vines - Instagram - etc. You may present this live, or you make use your phones to pre- record this. Try to make use of some of the questions and theories the various disciplines use to evaluate social change. Activity  Taking what you have learned today, use some form of social media to justify how social change is occurring & where we’re headed in the future.  In groups of 3 or 4, you are to create a 30 second public service announcement informing the general population of the changes occurring in our world