Reconstruction

Key Questions 1. How do we bring the South back into the Union? 2. How do we rebuild the South after its destruction during the war? 3. How do we integrate and protect newly- emancipated black freedmen? 4. What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction?

President Lincoln’s Plan  Reconstruction- Significant changes to government and society after the Civil War * believed that most southerners had been forced into the war by slaveowners * Believed that secession was ____________. Thus he felt Southern states had never really left the union. * When Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, his plans for reconstruction died with him.

Andrew Johnson’s Plan  Andrew Johnson * Was Lincoln’s VP * Was much more sympathetic to southerners because he was born in ________ _________. * Made white southerner’s take an oath of _______ to the Union.________

Andrew Johnson’s Plan  Johnson’s plan called for three key actions: Once those requirements had been met, states could return to the Union.

Andrew Johnson’s Plan  In NC, Johnson appointed ___________ ___________ as the provisional governor.

11 th and 12 th Amendments 11 th Amendment- prohibits any citizen from suing a state. States can sue each other. Those cases are heard in Supreme Court 12 th Amendment- specifies the procedure for electing the President – –Principles of the Constitution videoPrinciples of the Constitution video

13 th Amendment  Ratified in December,  Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction.  Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Freedmen’s Convention  Abraham Galloway organized a Freedmen’s Convention to lay out blacks’ _________ concerns  More than _______ delegates gathered at an African American church.

Freedmen’s Convention Three Major Goals:

Freedmen’s Bureau School

Forty Acres and a _______ {Summarize the inset}

Black Codes _________ _________, who was against voiding the war debts, ran against William Holden for the governor’s seat and won. Most whites still believed they were ________ to African Americans. The legislature placed new restrictions on African Americans. These laws became known as Black Codes.

Black Codes  Purpose: * Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated. * Restore pre-emancipation system of race relations.  Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers [tenant farmers].

14 th Amendment  Ratified in July, * Provide a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people. * Insure against neo-Confederate political power. * Enshrine the national debt while repudiating that of the Confederacy.  Southern states would be punished for denying the right to vote to black citizens!

President Johnson’s Impeachment  Johnson removed Stanton in February,  Johnson replaced generals in the field who were more sympathetic to Radical Reconstruction.  The House impeached him on February 24 before even drawing up the charges by a vote of 126 – 47!

The Senate Trial  11 week trial.  Johnson acquitted 35 to 19 (one short of required 2/3s vote).

Sharecropping

Establishment of Historically Black Colleges in the South

Black Senate & House Delegates

Colored Rule in the South?

Blacks in Southern Politics  Core voters were black veterans.  Blacks were politically unprepared.  Blacks could register and vote in states since  The 15 th Amendment guaranteed federal voting.

15 th Amendment  Ratified in  The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.  The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.  Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the vote!

The “Invisible Empire of the South”

Kirk-Holden War The Kirk-Holden War was a struggle against the Ku Klux Klan in the state of North Carolina in 1870.Ku Klux KlanNorth Carolina Governor William W. Holden hired Colonel George Washington Kirk, a former Union guerrilla leader, suspended the writ of habeas corpus, and imposed martial law in Caswell and Alamance counties to stop the Klan.William W. HoldenGeorge Washington Kirk Soon thereafter, Kirk began arresting men, including some of the most respected citizens of the county. Kirk made about 100 arrests in a matter of weeks. [ [