(From Smoke signals to Email: Keeping in touch) Page 8 (From Smoke signals to Email: Keeping in touch) Reading

Some pictures about signals (Communications means) Mountaintops Signals smoke from fire to transmit messages Towers Signals Drum Signals Letters telegraph

Now, Listen Page 8 Listen and Discuss

parallel dialect simulate widespread revolution nonsense sites New Vocabulary New word or phrase English Meaning Arabic Meaning parallel extending in the same direction بشكل متوازي dialect variety of a language spoken by people in a geographical area لهجات مختلفة simulate assume the likeness of تقليد او تظاهر widespread over a large area منتشر revolution big change تغير كبير nonsense without meaning بلا معنى sites locations مواقع

Scan the topic to find the answers of the following questions Before reading Page 8 Scan the topic to find the answers of the following questions To scan means to read quickly to find specific information.

Before reading Answer these questions: Paragraph (1) 1. What was used in Greece to relate the news of the fall of Troy? a chain of fires on mountaintops. 2. What did native people in the Americas use to transmit messages? smoke from fires.

3. What did native people developed? They developed a code—in which certain combinations of smoke rising had special meanings. For example, two parallel columns of smoke indicated the successful return of a war party.

Paragraph (2) 4. What did Cyrus, an ancient Persian ruler, establish? lines of signal towers. 5. What was the idea of signals towers? People with powerful voices shouted a message to the next tower, and in this way, news and information was passed on through the kingdom

6. How did people (native) in central Africa use the drum? The sender uses a drum that can produce a high or low tone. Because the local dialect alternates in these tones, the sender is able to simulate speech with the drums.

Paragraph (3) 7. In modern time, Do people still use the ancient ways for communications? No, they do not. They use new methods. 8. When was the first Email message? It was in 1971. 9. What did these letters mean “QWERTYUIOP? This is just the top row of keys on an English-language keyboard. Tomlinson was just testing out the system and using a nonsense message

Paragraph (4) 10. Who was Ray Tomlinson ? one of a group of scientists who were working on developing better computers. 11. What did the scientists do? scientists were able to send a message to a “mailbox” on the computer on their site. 12. Did Ray Tomlinson invent the (@) sign? Explain Yes, he did. To identify messages that were headed out of the local machine to the more distant ones.

Paragraph (5) 13. How was the number of people in the 20 and 21 centuries? In 20 century there were 263 million email boxes. In 21 century has grown to over 2 billion. 14. What do you think about the function of email and cell phones messages in the future? The functions of email services in the future will become more and more diversified. And text messaging on cell phones is also increasing.

After Reading Page 9 the Stone Age 1. Complete the following sentences about the reading. 1. People have shown a need to communicate with one another since ____________. the Stone Age 2. When Native Americans saw two columns of smoke, _____ ______ they knew that a war party was returning and that it was successful 3. Although drums are used in Central Africa to communicate messages, only a few non-natives ____________. can understand the drum language

starting a revolution in communication 4. When Tomlinson sent his first message, he wasn’t thinking of ____________. starting a revolution in communication 5. Although email only began in the 1970s, by the end of the 20th century, ____________. there were 263 million email boxes 6. Nowadays, millions of people are used to ____________. being in constant touch with people who are long distances away

Discussion Page 8 1. Think about how you communicate with diff erent people. 2. Work in groups. Make notes in the chart below. 3. Use your notes to talk about communication in class. 4. Which are the most common and most effective ways? Why?

Ways I communicate Advantages Disadvantages With friends With relatives With other people who live far away Text messages Fast and easy to use Cost a lot of money Cell phones You can call in anywhere and available to everyone Cost a lot of money Email It doesn’t cost a lot of money You need to be in a place that has a hot spot (wireless connection)

Khalid Saeed Al shahrani خالد سعيد الشهراني Prepared by اعداد المعلم Khalid Saeed Al shahrani خالد سعيد الشهراني All Copy Rights © Reserved 2015