Chapter 5 WAR AND PEACE How did military events and their consequences contribute to the foundations of Canada?

Definitions Superpower: A country that is more powerful than almost all other countries.

Think back... What was the driving force behind exploration?

Think back... #1 gaining access to valuable resources What was the driving force behind exploration? #1 gaining access to valuable resources

Think back... What was the driving force behind exploration? #1 gaining access to valuable resources What resources did “superpower” countries want to obtain?

Think back... What was the driving force behind exploration? #1 gaining access to valuable resources What resources did “superpower” countries want to obtain? Spices, silks, sugar, rubber, ivory, diamonds, slaves, fish, furs, timber and land.

Why were the French and English at war with each other?

The French and English at War They wanted more territories. They wanted the resources in these territories. Between 1690 and 1763, France and England were almost always at war with each other. In this Chapter, we’re going to look at the Seven Years War and how France and England fought for control of New France.

Perspectives of War As we read the chapter, we will discuss war through the eyes of those affected by it. Please go to page 7 “Perspectives about War” in your Chapter 5 booklet. After reading the opinions expressed by the “talking heads” on pg 99 in the textbook, rewrite the opinions IN YOUR OWN WORDS .

Background to War When the Seven Years’ War began in 1756, it was close to be coming a world war. France and England fought in: Europe India The Caribbean Africa North America

Ch 5 Task Superpower Capes

The French Perspective By 1750, the French were well established in North America. French colonists lived in a huge area including Ile Saint-Jean (PEI), Cape Breton and Louisiana. Acadia belong to the British but was inhabited by French speaking people. The heart of New France was a colony along the St. Lawrence River. About 50 000 colonists lived there.

The French Perspective The colonists were no longer Europeans. Why?

The French Perspective The colonists were no longer Europeans. Why? By 1750, most of the population had been born in New France. They were now CANADIENS!

The French Perspective New France felt secure: They were protected by their home country. They had a large number of soldiers living in the colony. They had mighty fortresses at Quebec and Louisbourg (on Cape Breton island). The French felt that the English armies would never get past them!

Fortress Quebec By 1750, Quebec had grown to be the largest town in New France with a population of about 8000. It was the centre of French Power in North America.

Fortress Quebec Quebec had two parts: Upper Town – walled fortress high above the river on top of a cliff. Includes the governor’s mansion and homes of the wealthy. Lower Town – the port, huddled between the river and the cliff. Includes stone warehouses, and the homes of the tradespeople, labourers and shopkeepers. It was the gateway to the colony. All ships coming up the river had to pass within cannon range of Quebec.

Fort Louisbourg Louisbourg was the French naval base on the east coast of Canada. After the war, all that was left of Louisbourg was a pile of rocky rubble. For 150 years it lay deserted until it was made a National Historic Site in 1928. In the 1960’s, work began to rebuild and restore the fortress to how it would have looked in the 1750’s.

Fort Louisbourg Do you think projects like Fort Louisbourg are important? Why or why not?

Fort Louisbourg Do you think projects like Fort Louisbourg are important? Why or why not? These types of projects help Canadians feel a strong connection with our history. It helps us know who we are.

The English Perspective English colonists from the Thirteen Colonies far outnumbered the French Colonists of New France. They wanted to move from the East Coast into the interior of North America. They wanted more farmland for their growing population. They also wanted to trade with the First Nations in the interior. What resource do you think the British wanted to continue to control?

The English Perspective The Atlantic fisheries! England also wanted to control the St. Lawrence River. The English felt trapped, but they had the most powerful navy in the world.

Questions Background to War page 101-105 1. Why did New France feel secure against an attack from the British? (2 pts) pg 101   2. Why did the English colonies want to gain control of the interior of the continent? (4 pts) pg 102