Lesson 2 Input, Output, and Processing Computer Literacy BASICS: A Comprehensive Guide to IC3, 4th Edition Morrison / Wells

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Input and Output Devices Input Device: Enables someone to enter data and commands into a computer. Keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc. Output Device: Enables the computer to give you the results of the processed data. Monitor, projector, printer, etc. 3 3

Standard Input Devices Modem: - A modem is a device that allows one computer to talk to another. - Considered an Input and Output device due to its functions. Keyboards: - The keyboard is the most commonly used input device for entering text and numbers into a computer. 4 4

Standard Input Devices (continued) Keyboards (continued): Ergonomic Cordless/wireless Specialized Security Foldable/flexible Laser/Virtual NIK (Nearly Indestructible Keyboard) 5 5

Standard Input Devices (continued) Keyboards (continued): Ergonomic: more natural/comfortable hand, wrist, and arm positions. Cordless/Wireless: battery-powered that transmits data using wireless technology. Specialized: specialized keys that represent items (Ex. Fast Food keyboards) 6 6

Standard Input Devices (continued) Keyboards (continued): Security: provides security features such as biometric finger-print reader, magnetic stripe, and smart card readers. Foldable/Flexible: easily transported, soft, and water resistant. Used with mobile devices. Laser virtual: a laser beam generates a full-size keyboard. Used with computers, phones, and tablets. 7 7

Standard Input Devices (continued) Keyboards (continued): NIK (Nearly Indestructible Keyboard): flexible and can be washed with soap or with spray cleaner. Ergonomic Keyboard 8 8

Standard Input Devices (continued) Pointing Devices: A pointing device is an input device you use to position the pointer on the screen. The most common pointing device for personal computers is the mouse. Mechanical Optomechanical Optical Wireless Trackball mouse Radio frequency Foldable mouse 9 9

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Standard Input Devices (continued) Pointing Devices (continued): - The trackball works like a mouse turned upside down; the ball is on top of the device. A common feature on laptop computers is the touchpad, with a specialized surface that can convert the motion and position of your fingers to a relative position on screen. 11 11

Standard Input Devices (continued) Pointing Devices (continued): -Commonly known items regarding a mouse: The left button is used for most operations. Most mice have 3 buttons. The right button is used to display shortcut menu options. 12 12

Standard Input Devices (continued) Pointing Devices (continued): -Commonly known items regarding a mouse: Sensors determine the direction and distance on a mechanical mouse. Lasers detect an optical mouse’s movement. A wireless mouse uses infrared waves to communicate with the computer. A mouse can be used to select text or portions of text by dragging the mouse pointer over the text. 13 13

Standard Input Devices (continued) Pointing Devices (continued): - Some notebook computers contain a pointing stick, a pressure-sensitive device that looks like a pencil eraser and is located on the keyboard, generally between the G, H, and B keys. - Audio input is sound entered into a computer. 14 14

NIK (Nearly Indestructible Keyboard) ***QUICK RECAP*** What is an input device? A device that enables someone to enter data and commands into a computer. This type of keyboard can be washed with soap or spray cleaner? NIK (Nearly Indestructible Keyboard)

Standard Output Devices Monitors: - Desktop computers typically use a monitor as their display device, including CRT, LCD, and gas plasma. 16 16

Standard Output Devices Monitors: CRT (Cathode Ray Tube): older type of monitor that is similar to older types of TVs. Obsolete now due to flat-panel monitors. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): produces an image by manipulating light within a layer of liquid crystal cells. Gas Plasma: consists of tiny amount of gas that is activated by electrical charge. 17 17

Standard Output Devices (continued) Printers: Printers produce a paper copy, or hard copy, of processing results. Features of printers: Speed, Print Quality, and Price - A laser printer produces high-quality output and images similar to copy machines. An inkjet printer provides good-quality color printing for less expense. Sprays ink onto paper. A Dot-Matrix printer strikes a ribbon with pins to transfer ink onto paper and are seldom used today. 18 18

Standard Output Devices (continued) Printer Classifications Impact: actually strikes the paper to form letters and images. (Ex. Dot matrix – mostly obsolete) Nonimpact: form characters without striking the paper. (Ex. Inkjet and laser printers) Speakers Generate sound from speaking or music. Headsets or headphones for privacy. 19 19

***Quick Recap*** This type of monitor produces an image by manipulating light within a layer of liquid crystal cells. LCD This type of printer squirts ink as it passes over a media. Inkjet printer 20 20

Specialized Input Devices Digital Cameras: The pictures you take are stored digitally and then transferred to the computer’s memory. Uses a variety of storage media: flash memory cards, USB keys, memory sticks, mini-discs and other solid-state storage devices. 21 21

Specialized Input Devices Digital Cameras (continued): Video input is a set of full-motion images captured with a video camera. Storage media for video input devices are hard drive, CD, DVD. Webcams are video-capturing cameras connected to computers. Can also display images through the World Wide Web. 22 22

Specialized Input Devices (continued) Game Controllers: - You use joysticks and wheels most often for games. 23 23

Specialized Input Devices Scanners/Bar Code Readers: - Scanners are devices that can change images into codes for input to the computer. Image scanners: convert images into electric form that you can store in your computer’s memory. Bar code scanners: reads bar lines that are printed on objects. Magnetic scanners: read encoded information on credit cards. 24 24

Specialized Input Devices Scanners/Bar Code Readers (continued): Wireless scanners: use Bluetooth technology to scan barcode data. Optical character recognition (OCR) and optical mark recognition (OMR) scanners: use a light source to read characters, marks and codes; then converted back into digital format. 25 25

Specialized Input Devices (continued) Touch Display Screen: - A special screen that reacts to direct touches within the display area, usually from a person’s finger or hand. 26 26

Specialized Input Devices (continued) Stylus: - A stylus and digital pen are pen-like writing instruments used to enter information by writing on a screen on a mobile device or using the pen as a pointer. 27 27

Specialized Input Devices (continued) Environmental Probes and Sensors: - Workers can view information such as the temperature and humidity of a remote environment, smoke detector readings, and pollution control readings. Remote Controls: - Used to manage devices such as televisions, lights, and fans. 28 28

Specialized Input Devices (continued) Security Devices: Biometrics is an authentication technique using automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic. Used for security purposes. Commonly based on finger prints, face, handwriting or voice. Less common uses: retina/iris scan, or hand geometry. 29 29

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Specialized Input Devices (continued) Virtual Devices: - Use the synchronized positioning of light-emitting and sensing devices to detect user input. 31 31

Specialized Input Devices (continued) Touch-Sensitive Pads: On a portable device, enables you to scroll through a list, adjust the volume, play music, view videos or pictures, and customize settings. 32 32

Specialized Input Devices (continued) Input Devices for the Physically Challenged: A variety of special input devices are available for the physically challenged. Keyboards that can be operated by a single hand or feet. Joystick computer mouse that uses lips, chin, or tongue. Human Computer Interface that uses eye control to move a pointer and make selections. 33 33

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***QUICK RECAP*** This type of scanner reads bar lines that are printed on objects. Barcode scanners This technique uses methods for recognizing a person based on finger prints and voice? biometrics

Specialized Output Devices Projectors Fax machines and fax modems Multifunction printer Control devices/robots Specialized Printers: Thermal Mobile Label and postage Plotters/large-format 36 36

Specialized Output Devices (continued) Output Devices for the Physically Challenged: Screen magnifiers Screen readers Voice synthesizers 37 37

Connecting Input and Output Devices to a Computer Ports and Connectors: - A port, also called a jack, is an interface to which a peripheral device attaches to or communicates with the system unit or other peripheral devices. - A Universal Serial Bus (USB) port can connect up to 127 peripheral devices with a single connector and transfer data at rates of up to 200 million bits per second (Mbps). - Plug and play refers to the ability of a computer system to configure expansion boards and other devices automatically. 38 38

Connecting Input and Output Devices to a Computer (continued) Ports and Connectors (continued): - FireWire: supports data transfers up to 400 Mbps and can connect up to 63 external devices. - Special-purpose ports: SCSI: standard interface for connecting peripherals such as hard drives and printers. IrDA: a wireless standard that allows data to be transferred between devices using infrared light instead of cables. Bluetooth: uses radio waves between voice and mobile devices. 39 39

Connecting Input and Output Devices to a Computer (continued) Ports and Connectors (continued): Expansion slots are openings on the motherboard where an expansion board can be inserted. Expansion boards are also called adapter cards, expansion cards, add-ins, etc. 40 40

Connecting Input and Output Devices to a Computer (continued) Hardware Installation: For most hardware devices to work, they need a set of instructions that communicates with the computer’s operating system. This set of instructions is called a driver. - If the device does not come with a driver, you must download and install the driver manually. 41 41

***QUICK RECAP*** Name (1) type of output device for the physically challenged. Screen magnifier, screen reader, voice synthesizer This type of port can connect up to 127 peripheral devices with a single connector. USB (Universal Serial Bus)

Considering Computer Performance Factors A variety of factors can affect a computer’s performance. Microprocessor: The higher the generation, the faster and better the processing speed. Random Access Memory (RAM): Helps to speed up the processing cycle. Hard disk: The bigger and faster the hard drive, the faster it can process data. Video: Need adequate video memory. 43 43

Computer Viruses Can cause tremendous damage to your computer files. A program that spreads from one computer to another and interferes with the computers’ operation. Can be stored on a computer for weeks or months and may not cause damage. Spread by email attachments or downloaded files. Not all viruses cause damage; could be a prank. Install anti-virus software to protect yourself. 44 44