EQ: How did conflict between the North and the South create change?

Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat) (Constitutional Union) Election of 1860: Main Candidates Abraham Lincoln (Republican) John Breckinridge (Southern Democrat) Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat) John Bell (Constitutional Union) * Lincoln won the election.

Southerners vs. Lincoln They feared there would be no new slave states. Lincoln promised to leave slavery alone, but they didn’t believe him. They thought their power in the House would decline as free states joined They wanted the right to declare any national law illegal Northern states still wanted the national government’s power to be supreme over the states

Original Confederate flag Eventual Confederate flag Secession: • In response to Lincoln’s victory, the southern states seceded from the Union in 1860, forming the Confederate States of America. Original Confederate flag Eventual Confederate flag

Order of Secession South Carolina Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas Americans across the nation asked: Did Southern states have the right to secede? Southern leaders argued yes, because the states had united by free choice; therefore they had the right to secede.

• Jefferson Davis was named the president of the Confederacy.

Civil War: Union v. Confederacy

Lincoln’s belief Lincoln’s MAIN GOAL was to SAVE THE UNION!!! “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” He meant that the U.S. could not survive if it was divided in two He urged the Confederate states to return to the nation. He said, “We are not enemies, but friends.” The differences between the states were two great. Lincoln’s MAIN GOAL was to SAVE THE UNION!!!

Secession: when part of a country breaks away from the rest Abraham Lincoln argued against slavery (did not push abolition) wanted to stop the spread of slavery wanted country to be united Civil War: war between 2 groups or regions within a nation

North vs South Union President: Abraham Lincoln Confederacy President: Jefferson Davis

Fort Sumter – 1st battle of the Civil War Confederate forces wanted to take control over Fort Sumter, South Carolina. Lincoln refused to surrender the fort. Instead, he sent supplies to it. The state militia began surrounding the federal fort which had U.S. soldiers inside.

Lincoln wanted to show that he would not give in to the Confederacy. However, he did not want to start a war either. He hoped the southern states would return to the Union peacefully. Confederate leaders saw the refusal to surrender the fort as an act of war. They ordered cannons to fire on the fort. The 1st shot was fired on April 12, 1861.

The cannons fired on Fort Sumter for 34 hours. At last, the soldiers in the fort had to surrender. The attack on Fort Sumter marked the beginning of the Civil War. President Lincoln called for 75,000 soldiers to fight the rebellion. Some states refused to send men to help Lincoln. AK, NC, TN, and VA joined the confederacy instead.

Fort Sumter, S.C., April 4, 1861, under the Confederate flag.

* The Civil War had now begun! Fort Sumter • Fort Sumter, South Carolina, was important because it guarded Charleston harbor • Therefore, the Confederates attacked, defeating the Union soldiers. * The Civil War had now begun!

Pvt. Edmund Ruffin, Confederate soldier who fired the 1st shot against Fort Sumter Maj. Robert Anderson, defender of Fort Sumter

Effects of the attack at Ft. Sumter 4 more slave states seceded: VA, NC, AR, TN = 11 total 4 slave states stayed in the Union: DE, MD, KY, MO = border states They made up the border between the North & South (part of VA also stayed and became WV in 1863)